Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Increase Risk of Death in Novel Corona Virus Patients Irrespective of Age: a Prospective Observational Study of Co-morbidities and COVID-19 from India

Gupta, Anirban Sen; Nayan, Neelabh; Nair, Ranjith K; Kumar, K V S Hari; Joshi, Aditya; Sharma, Shallu; Singh, Jasdeep; Kapoor, Rajan

doi:10.1007/s42399-021-00851-1

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Abate et al (2021) conducted a systematic review and found a 48% prevalence of comorbidities in hospitalized patients, with diabetes mellitus (48%) predominating, followed by hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (15%) [ 38 ]. Among the main risk factors listed in this study were chronic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and obesity, which have also been found in other studies [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Our findings indicated the presence of a risk factor in 73% of deaths, but these results can be explained by the fact that we only examined the number of deaths.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Castro

Moreira

Bermejo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In November 2020, Brazil ranked third in the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and second in the number of deaths due to the disease. We carried out a descriptive study of deaths, mortality rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and excess mortality due to COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 records in SIVEP-Gripe (Ministry of Health of Brazil) from 16 February 2020, to 1 January 2021. In this period, there were 98,025 deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil. Men accounted for 60.5% of the estimated 1.2 million YPLLs. High YPLL averages showed prematurity of deaths. The population aged 45–64 years (both sexes) represented more than 50% of all YPLLs. Risk factors were present in 69.5% of deaths, with heart disease, diabetes and obesity representing the most prevalent comorbidities in both sexes. Indigenous people had the lowest number of deaths and the highest average YPLL. However, in indigenous people, pregnant women and mothers had an average YPLL of over 35 years. The excess mortality for Brazil was estimated at 122,914 deaths (9.2%). The results show that the social impacts of YPLL due to COVID-19 are different depending on gender, race and risk factors. YPLL and excess mortality can be used to guide the prioritization of health interventions, such as prioritization of vaccination, lockdowns, or distribution of facial masks for the most vulnerable populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Castro

Moreira

Bermejo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Park et al analyzed the Korean population and found both diabetes and hypertension to be risk factors for death in the course of COVID-19 [ 34 ]. The same results were achieved by Gupta et al among Indian patients [ 35 ]. Chen et al demonstrated only ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease to be independently associated with high mortality in Chinese patients [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Impact of Kidney Failure on the Severity of COVID-19

Zarębska-Michaluk

Jaroszewicz

Rogalska

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: Patients with kidney failure are at an increased risk of progression to a severe form of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with high mortality. The current analysis was aimed to assess the impact of renal failure on the severity of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors of the fatal outcome in this population. Methods: The analysis included patients from the SARSTer database, a national real-world study evaluating treatment for COVID-19 in 30 Polish centers. Data were completed retrospectively and submitted online. Results: A total of 2322 patients were included in the analysis. Kidney failure was diagnosed in 455 individuals (19.65%), of whom 373 presented moderate stage and 82 patients, including 14 dialysis individuals, presented severe renal failure. Patients with kidney failure were significantly older and demonstrated a more severe course of COVID-19. The age, baseline SpO2, the ordinal scale of 4 and 5, neutrophil and platelet count, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and C-reactive protein concentration as well as malignancy and arterial hypertension were the independent predictors of 28-day mortality in logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Underlying kidney disease in patients with COVID-19 is among the leading factors associated with a higher risk of severe clinical presentation and increased mortality rate.

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“…Moreover it does not take into account patients with ARF due to Covid-19 admitted directly from ER to ICU; this could explain the relatively low outcome failure and mortality ratio seen in our study (respectively 32.4% and 16.6%). However, outcome failure, as defined by need for invasive mechanical ventilation and/or death, was online with previous literature describing patients outside ICU setting [ [29][30][31][32],]. Outcome failure results could be affected to the decision to start IMV according to PF value of the patient (for example a rapid decline of P/F), so that this could represent a bias of this study, while mortality is independent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In previous studies the average prevalence of outcome failure and mortality, respectively, were 43,7% and 19,6%. [ [29][30][31][32],].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardizing PaO2 for PaCO2 in P/F ratio predicts in-hospital mortality in acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19: A pilot prospective study

Prediletto

D’Antoni

Carbonara

et al. 2021

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Up to fifteen percent of patients with novel pandemic coronavirus disease have acute respiratory failure (ARF). Ratio between arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), P/F, is currently used as a marker of ARF severity in Covid-19. P/F does not reflect the respiratory efforts made by patients to maintain arterial blood oxygenation, such as tachypnea and hyperpnea, leading to hypocapnia. Standard PaO2, the value of PaO2 adjusted for arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of the subject, better reflects the pathophysiology of hypoxemic ARF. We hypothesized that the ratio between standard PaO2 over FiO2 (STP/F) better predicts Covid-19 ARF severity compared to P/F. Methods: Aim of this pilot prospectic observational study was to observe differences between STP/F and P/F in predicting outcome failure, defined as need of invasive mechanical ventilation and/or deaths in Covid-19 ARF. Accuracy was calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis and areas under the ROC curve (AUROC) were compared. Results: 349 consecutive subjects admitted to our respiratory wards due to Covid-19 ARF were enrolled. STP/F was accurate to predict mortality and superior to P/F with, respectively, AUROC 0.710 versus 0.688, p = 0.012. Both STP/F and PF were accurate to predict outcome failure (AUROC respectively of 0.747 and 0.742, p = 0.590).

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Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension Increase Risk of Death in Novel Corona Virus Patients Irrespective of Age: a Prospective Observational Study of Co-morbidities and COVID-19 from India

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Impact of Kidney Failure on the Severity of COVID-19

Standardizing PaO2 for PaCO2 in P/F ratio predicts in-hospital mortality in acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19: A pilot prospective study

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