Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors in North-East Malaysia

Mafauzy, M; Mokhtar, Najat; Mohamad, WB Wan; Mazlan, Mohd Zulfakar

doi:10.1177/101053959901100104

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…12,13 An increasing number of hospital-acquired C. difficile infections have been reported among our patients with T2DM, especially in those admitted into acute medical wards, but its rate and associated risk factors are not known. A literature review found few relevant studies, thus prompting our review.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards

Hassan

Rahman²,

Huda³

et al. 2013

J R Coll Physicians Edinb

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Background:Clostridum difficile (C. difficile) infection is increasingly seen among hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but its rate and associated risk factors are not known. We aimed to determine the rate and characteristics of hospital-acquired C. difficile infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards. Methods: Our prospective cross-sectional study involved 159 patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards who developed a hospital-acquired C. difficile infection. Stools were tested for C. difficile toxins using a toxin A/B kit and a toxin A kit. Clinical features, laboratory findings, types of antibiotics, and use of a proton pump inhibitor were examined for their association with the infection. Results: Thirteen subjects were positive for toxin A and one for toxin B. Using univariable analysis, we found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hospitalacquired C. difficile infection were younger (mean 53.8 years, p=0.02), had diarrhoea and abdominal pain (p=0.001) but no fever. Sepsis (p=0.02) and use of a proton pump inhibitor (p=0.01) were more commonly implicated as the cause of the infection. Of the various types of antibiotics prescribed, carbapenem (28.6% vs 4.1%, p=0.01) and metronidazole (42.9% vs 19.3%, p=0.04) were significantly associated with hospitalacquired C. difficile infection. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards and who developed hospital-acquired C. difficile infection have distinct characteristics.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards

Hassan

Rahman²,

Huda³

et al. 2013

J R Coll Physicians Edinb

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“…A higher proportion of patients who came to the ED were found to have a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and mental disorders, which reflects the prevalence of chronic diseases in this country [34,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

2017

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Introduction Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant health problem globally, with the emergency department (ED) being an important environment for the detection of ADEs. Data regarding drug-related visits to the ED in Malaysia are currently limited.Objectives The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with prescription drug-related ED visits at a teaching hospital. Methods A case-control study was conducted on patients who visited the ED of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 7-week period between December 2014 and January 2015. A visit to the ED was considered drug-related if the chief presenting complaint was related to prescription drug use. Data were collected by interviewing patients, and also from the patient's medical record. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the risk factors. Results Overall, 144 physician-identified patients with drug-related ED visits were considered as cases and 288 patients with non-drug-related complaints were selected as controls. Independent risk factors identified for drug-related ED visits were female sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.71), currently taking regular medication (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.87-6.05), concurrent comorbidity (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.28-4.10), a history of drug allergy (OR 5.36, 95% CI 2.30-12.48), and recent hospital admission (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.23-4.10). Independent risk factors were also associated with the following health problems: diabetes mellitus (OR 6.83, 95% CI 3.30-14.12), central nervous system disorders (OR 9.42, 95% CI 3.08-14.12), and cardiovascular disorders (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.25-4.79).Conclusions The determinants of a drug-related ED visit at a teaching hospital are multifactorial. Interventions to prevent future occurrences should focus on those patients at risk. Key PointsFemale sex, receiving regular medication, having a history of drug allergy, and recent hospital admission are risk factors for prescription drug-related emergency department (ED) visits.Patients with health problems such as diabetes, central nervous system disorders, and cardiovascular disorders also have a higher risk of ED visits related to drug use.The most common drug classes involved with drugrelated ED visits were antidiabetic agents, antihypertensives, antibiotics, anti-asthmatics, and diuretics.

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“…A community that has high prevalence of obesity also has high prevalence of diabetes [36]. In Kelantan, Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes in 1999 was 10.5%, and impaired glucose tolerance was 16.5% [39]. Kelantan is ranked highest in prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia in which the overall national prevalence is 8.3% [40], thus it was not a surprise to see a rapid rise of cancer prevalence in the state [36].…”

Section: Cancer: the Global Epidemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey and Cancer: Sustainable Inverse Relationship Particularly for Developing Nations—A Review

Othman

2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Honey and cancer has a sustainable inverse relationship. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and has multifactorial causes. Among these are low immune status, chronic infection, chronic inflammation, chronic non healing ulcers, obesity, and so forth. There is now a sizeable evidence that honey is a natural immune booster, natural anti-inflammatory agent, natural antimicrobial agent, natural cancer “vaccine,” and natural promoter for healing chronic ulcers and wounds. Though honey has substances of which the most predominant is a mixture of sugars, which itself is thought to be carcinogenic, it is understandable that its beneficial effect as anticancer agent raises skeptics. The positive scientific evidence for anticancer properties of honey is growing. The mechanism on how honey has anticancer effect is an area of great interest. Among the mechanisms suggested are inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. Honey and cancer has sustainable inverse relationship in the setting of developing nations where resources for cancer prevention and treatment are limited.

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Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors in North-East Malaysia

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards

Factors Associated with Drug-Related Emergency Department Visits at a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Honey and Cancer: Sustainable Inverse Relationship Particularly for Developing Nations—A Review

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