Diabetes in Kenya

Is insulin diluted when stored in water?

“…This presents a challenge to patients who live in resource‐poor settings and do not have access to either refrigeration or reliable electricity. While refrigeration is becoming increasingly available in the developing world , it is still inaccessible to many, particularly in countries where much of the population lives in rural areas . In 2011, only 5.1% of Ugandans owned refrigerators .…”

Viewpoint: Stability of insulin in tropical countries

“…Four of six batches of insulin at Kenyatta Hospital (i.e. prior to patient prescription) were less than 75% potent when insulin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay ( Steel & Mngola 1974). Two of the four offending batches, however, were out of date.…”