Diabetes in COVID-19 patients: challenges and possible management strategies

Reshad, Riyan Al Islam; Riana, Sumaiya Hafiz; Chowdhury, Mohammad Al-baruni; Moin, Abu Tayab; Miah, Faruque; Sarkar, Bishajit; Jewel, Nurnabi Azad

doi:10.1186/s43168-021-00099-2

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 139 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…During the pandemic, patients who visited specialist clinics for follow-up only received prescriptions without consulting a doctor, a practice adopted globally to conserve resources and minimise the risk of COVID-19 transmission (40). These patients face various challenges, such as limited income, reduced access to needles and glucometer strips and restrictions on consultations with doctors and dieticians (41). When the pandemic was under control and life returned to normal, patients became more motivated to improve their diabetic control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of USM-IAM-based counselling vs standard counselling on insulin adherence, FBS and HbA1c among patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A randomised controlled trial.

Zainudin,

Rasool,

Yaacob

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Many patients with T2DM on insulin are not optimally controlled despite receiving standard diabetes education counselling. Poor insulin adherence may be a contributing factor. We developed and evaluated a new module [USM-Insulin Adherence Module (USM-IAM)] on insulin-treated patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Methods: Eligibility criteria are those diagnosed with T2DM, aged between 18 and 65 years, with HbA1c between 8 -15% and on insulin therapy for one year. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either the USM-IAM-based counselling or the standard counselling at baseline and the second visit. Patients were instructed to adjust insulin doses based on blood glucose levels. Outcomes were changes in adherence score, FBS and HbA1c levels from baseline to three months and baseline to sixth month. Results: Ninety patients were randomised to each group. The baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were homogenous among groups. Ninety patients were analysed for each group. Adherence score changes between baseline to three months were -8.30 (-11.47, -5.14) in UCG and -7.64 (-10.89, -4.40) in SCG, between baseline to sixth month were -10.21 (-13.40, -7.03) in UCG and -10.79 (-14.64, -6.97) in SCG. FBS changes between baseline to three months were 1.374 (0.25, 2.50) in UCG and 0.438 (-0.66, 1.54) in SCG, and between baseline to sixth month were 1.713 (0.473, 2.95) in UCG and 0.998 (-0.02, 2.01) in SCG. HbA1c changes between baseline to three months were 1.374 (0.25, 2.50) in UCG and 0.547 (0.12, 0.98) in SCG, and between baseline to sixth month were 1.03 (0.65, 1.41) in UCG and 0.617 (0.20, 1.03) in SCG. Conclusion: Both groups had significant improvements in adherence score and HbA1c with time, with higher improvement in patients receiving the USM-IAM-based counselling. FBS reductions were significant in the intervention group but not in the control group. Trial registration: This study protocol is registered with Clicaltrials.gov with ID NCT05125185 dated 17th November 2021.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of USM-IAM-based counselling vs standard counselling on insulin adherence, FBS and HbA1c among patients with uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A randomised controlled trial.

Zainudin,

Rasool,

Yaacob

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Patients with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of the severity of COVID-19 (Reshad et al, 2021). It could be that people with high blood glucose levels have weakened immune systems, lower levels of viral clearance, metabolic activity dysfunctions, and other complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of Illness Analysis of Covid-19 Patients With Comorbid Type 2 Diabetes in a Hospital in Bandung

Oskar,

Ambarsundari,

Suci Nar

et al. 2023

PHARMACOSCRIPT

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Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) disebabkan oleh Virus SARS-COV-2 dan ditandai dengan gejala nonspesifik, termasuk gangguan pernapasan akut. Penyakit penyerta, seperti Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, dapat memperparah Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi biaya terapi pasien Covid-19 dengan komorbid DM tipe 2 di rumah sakit di Bandung dari perpektif rumah sakit, serta mengidentifikasi alasan yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya biaya pengobatan pasien Covid-19 dengan komorbid DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan rancangan cross-sectional dengan menggunakan sumber data rekam medis dan keuangan. Pasien Covid-19 dengan penyerta Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 pada penelitian ini ditanggung oleh Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) dimana pengambilan data pada periode Januari hingga Desember 2021. Dari 1.915 pasien, 42 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Rata-rata lama tinggal (LOS) adalah 11,24±4,86 hari dan biaya langsung penyakit adalah $2,139.5 (Rp. 30,487,833). Perawatan rumah sakit menyumbang 48,87% dari total biaya, diikuti oleh obat-obatan (16,48%), harga kamar tidur (14,03%), biaya laboratorium (9,56%), pemeriksaan dokter (4,6%) dan radiologi. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi Pearson, komponen LOS berpengaruh terhadap total biaya dengan nilai signifikansi kurang dari 0,05. Studi ini menyimpulkan total biaya pasien COVID-19 dengan diabetes tipe 2 adalah Rp 1.280.488.973.

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