Diabetes: how to manage overweight and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Wesling, Megan; D’Souza, Jennifer

doi:10.7573/dic.2021-11-7

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Our data are related to a study in which aged black garlic extract was used as a supplement in a high-fat diet-fed animal model [32]. Obesity is linked to a high incidence of steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [33]. Reactive oxygen species are primarily produced in fatty liver disease due to the over-accumulation of hepatic lipids and the oxidation of fatty acids [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Efficacy of Fermented Garlic and Orlistat (Lipase Inhibitor) in Obesity Management Using an Experimental Rodent Model

Javed,

Ahmed,

Khan

et al. 2023

Foods

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Background: Black garlic, also known as fermented garlic, is a useful food that may have therapeutic benefits. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of fermented garlic and orlistat therapy on obese rats. Methods: A total of 40 male albino rats (245–250 g) were fed either an HFD (n = 32) or a normal diet (n = 8) for 6 weeks; therefore we randomly assigned the rats into: group I (normal diet), group II (HFD), groups III and IV (HFD with fermented garlic), and group V (orlistat for) 6 weeks. Two different dosages of fermented garlic (481.2 mg/kg and 963.3 mg/kg) were administered. Afterward, blood was collected, body weight was measured, and tissue was collected for further analysis. Results: Both the orlistat and black garlic groups showed a significant reduction in BMI, lipid profiles, and insulin levels compared with the baseline. The orlistat group showed significant elevation (p < 0.005) in body weight, organ weight, lipids, and liver parameters, with histopathological findings. The administration of black garlic improved the inflammatory markers with all other parameters. Conclusion: The fermented garlic and orlistat reinstated all of the investigated parameters significantly (p < 0.05), especially body weight and lipid profiles, and induced histopathological changes compared to the drug orlistat. Additionally, it showed anti-obesity-related therapeutic impacts compared with the orlistat drug. Black garlic provides a reliable and effective treatment for obesity compared to orlistat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Efficacy of Fermented Garlic and Orlistat (Lipase Inhibitor) in Obesity Management Using an Experimental Rodent Model

Javed,

Ahmed,

Khan

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…The Global Burden of Disease study found obesity to be the main contributor to multimorbidity and years lived with disability [15]. Furthermore, The increasing global prevalence of obesity is thought to be the main driver for the increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus [16]. This has led to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and end organ damage, such as stroke, heart disease and diabetic nephropathy.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Human Multimorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty, multimorbidity and sarcopaenia in haemodialysis patients

Eldehni

2022

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of reviewIt is well recognised that haemodialysis patients have higher levels of multimorbidity, frailty and sarcopaenia. This review examines the current understanding of the three concepts in relation to the general population and haemodialysis patients, and the methods used to quantify them. It also looks at the interaction between multimorbidity, frailty and sarcopaenia in this patient group and proposes a new model that utilises muscle mass index and fat mass index as a surrogate representation of the three concepts. Recent findingsMultimorbidity in on the rise in the general population and this is one of the contributing factors to higher rates of chronic kidney disease, progression to end-stage renal disease and multimorbidity in haemodialysis patients. Malnutrition and haemodialysis induced end organ damage further contributes to muscle loss and frailty in this patient group. There is a significant overlap and interaction between multimorbidity, frailty and sarcopaenia in haemodialysis and their presence carries a significant impact on quality of life and survival. There are multiple scores for measuring multimorbidity, frailty and sarcopenia and there is no consensus on their utilisation in haemodialysis patients. We propose the use of fat mass index and muscle mass index model as a surrogate method for clinically quantifying multimorbidity, frailty and sarcopaenia. SummaryEffective public health policies are likely to have an impact on reducing the prevalence of multimorbidity and the development of end stage renal disease. Future research is required to develop interventions that are targeted at maintaining muscle mass and function in haemodialysis patients.

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“…Excessive fat accumulation is a major characteristic of obesity, and the latter has become an important global public health problem [3]. Obesity increases the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracts of Dunkelfelder Grape Seeds and Peel Increase the Metabolic Rate and Reduce Fat Deposition in Mice Maintained on a High-Fat Diet

Yang,

Tian,

Han

et al. 2023

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Chronic high-fat diet intake may induce obesity and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. The pomace of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is rich in polyphenols, which are candidates for anti-obesity therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Dunkelfelder grape seed extract (GSE) and grape peel extract (GPE) on lipid and energy metabolism disorders in mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male nine-week C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups, namely, the normal chow diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus GSE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage, or HFD plus GPE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage. There were eight mice per group, and the experiment was 14 weeks in duration. The results showed that GSE and GPE treatments did not affect energy intake in mice on a high-fat diet, but body weight gain was 24.5% and 17.3% lower in the GSE- and GPE-treated mice than in the HFD group, respectively. They also decreased blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, GSE and GPE reduced adipose tissue weight and excessive lipid droplet accumulation in the adipocytes. The metabolic chamber test showed that the GSE and GPE treatments enhanced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and heat release while decreasing the respiratory exchange rate (RER). This suggests that GSE and GPE augmented fuel oxidation and energy generation and increased the proportion of lipids being utilized in energy metabolism. GSE and GPE also upregulated the genes controlling lipolysis and downregulated those controlling lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Moreover, they significantly increased the expression levels of the genes regulating thermogenesis in BAT, eWAT, and iWAT, and mitochondrial biogenesis in all three types of adipose tissue. In conclusion, the present study empirically demonstrated that GSE and GPE enhance body fat utilization by augmenting lipid and energy metabolism and could, therefore, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity.

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Diabetes: how to manage overweight and obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 3 publications

References 73 publications

Comparison of Efficacy of Fermented Garlic and Orlistat (Lipase Inhibitor) in Obesity Management Using an Experimental Rodent Model

Comparison of Efficacy of Fermented Garlic and Orlistat (Lipase Inhibitor) in Obesity Management Using an Experimental Rodent Model

Frailty, multimorbidity and sarcopaenia in haemodialysis patients

Extracts of Dunkelfelder Grape Seeds and Peel Increase the Metabolic Rate and Reduce Fat Deposition in Mice Maintained on a High-Fat Diet

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