Diabetes, Heart Disease, Fatty Liver, Blood Groups And COVID-19 Disease: A Brief Review of Evidence

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection can have a severe evolution and complications in people who present comorbidities. Indeed, people with diabetes, especially those with type 1, and COVID19 are exposed to and an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. Also, cardiac complications due to coronary heart disease or other cardiovascular one, such as hypertension, are possible. These complications may be caused by the virus entering cardiomyocytes or even other surrounding cells. In people with fatty liver/hepatic impairment and COVID-19, there is an increased expression of ACE2 receptors through the HEK293 cell line, which allows SARS-CoV-2 to enter the cells through the TMPRSS2 interface with the help of the regulatory protein PIKFYE, by therefore increasing the severity of the disease. Moreover SARS-CoV-2 after entry causes T-cell CD8 + reaction, which leads to liver cell damage. The incidence of COVID-19 seems to be high in people with blood group A and low in those with blood group 0. For this reason, the aim of this review is to summarize evidence of main metabolic comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and liver diseases) and blood groups and COVID-19.

Daily Response of Vital Signs to COVID-19 Infection: A Case Study of an Unvaccinated 70-Year-Old Male with Type II Diabetes Treated with Monoclonal Antibodies and Selected Supplements

“…A 70-year-old male with type 2 diabetes and type O blood [22,23] had avoided COVID-19 infection until October 2021 and served as the patient and research participant for this study (and is senior author). Older age [24] and a type 2 diabetes diagnosis placed him at higher risk from COVID infection [25]. The patient did not suffer from obesity (BMI 22) obesity being related to a poor immune response to infections [20] nor from hypertension or cardiovascular disease.…”