Diabetes detection: An improved approach

Kessel, E

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(62)90129-7

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Kessel stressed that sensitivity and specificity ''tell us nothing about the probability of any screenee or group of screenees having diabetes''. 23 He proposed instead graphs and formulas which describe exactly how the positive predictive value is calculated today and how it changes with increasing pre-test prevalence, given fixed sensitivity and specificity (fig 4).…”

Section: Example 2: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

History of medical screening: from concepts to action

Morabia

Zhang

2004

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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The objective of medical screening is to identify disease in its preclinical, and therefore hopefully still curable, phase. This may have been an old quest in medicine but it became historically possible when at least four conditions were met: the availability of simple, valid and acceptable forms of tests, the discovery of effective treatments, the establishment of a theory of screening, and the wide access to health care. Five selected examples that illustrate the history of medical screening are reviewed: screening for psychiatric disorders in the United States army as it is one of the oldest screening programmes; screening for syphilis as it used one of the earliest screening tests; screening for diabetes as one of the first modern forms of mass screening; screening for cervical cancer using the Pap test as one of the greatest successes of screening; and screening for breast cancer by mammography as this offers a good opportunity to discuss the development of modern evaluation of screening programmes. The evaluation of the impact of screening on human health slowly progressed, from obvious changes in the vital statistics such as the decline in incidence of syphilis, to less obvious changes such as the decline in mortality of cancer of the uterus, to finally more subtle changes, such as the impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality. Methods of evaluation had therefore to adapt, evolving from simple surveys to case-control studies and randomised trials. The history of screening is short, but very rich and mostly still to be written.

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Section: Example 2: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

History of medical screening: from concepts to action

Morabia

Zhang

2004

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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“…Mass screening for diabetes was initiated in the 1940s, when a major increase in diabetes-related deaths had been observed (Morabia and Zhang, 2004). Consequently, population-wide blood glucose monitoring was established because the tests are sensitive, specific, and inexpensive (Wilkerson and Krall, 1947;Albrink et al, 1951;Blotner and Marble, 1951;Kessel, 1962). However, a normal fasting blood glucose concentration does not necessarily exclude the condition of T2DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Tolerance Tests for Systematic Screening of Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

et al. 2015

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This article presents a detailed description of intraperitoneal and oral glucose tolerance tests in mice. The former is widely used in initial high-throughput phenotyping of mutant mice to assess a diabetic phenotype and alterations in glucose homeostasis. Each protocol provides a comprehensive description of each step in the workflow, including variation of the standard protocol under particular circumstances (e.g., sensitivity to food deprivation, excessive deviations in body composition, or need for extra blood samples for additional analyses). We also describe how reduction of body mass and body temperature can be used as additional readouts to monitor metabolic function in response to food deprivation.

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Screening for Type 2 Diabetes

Goyder¹

1999

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

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Diabetes detection: An improved approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

History of medical screening: from concepts to action

History of medical screening: from concepts to action

Glucose Tolerance Tests for Systematic Screening of Glucose Homeostasis in Mice

Screening for Type 2 Diabetes

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