Diabetes and Smoking: The Burden of Evidence

Aggarwal, Sameer; Khandelwal, Deepak; Dutta, Deep; Kalra, Sanjay; Balhara, Yatan Pal Singh

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11815-0_40

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Studies have shown that cigarette smoking impairs nitric oxide-mediated endothelial function via increased generation of superoxide anions, which may increase the risk of DR in patients with diabetes and could cause eye tissue ischaemia, eye tissue hypoxia, retinal arteriosclerosis and a decrease in choroidal blood flow, eventually leading to retinal ischaemia 30 31. When BMI was ≥28 kg/m 2 , the present study showed that the incidence of DR was 28.2% in heavy smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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AimTo investigate the related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the correlation between smoking and DR in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignA single-centre cross-sectional study.SettingTianjin 4th Central Hospital.ParticipantsPatients with newly diagnosed T2DM who visited the outpatient department of the hospital from December 2018 to April 2019.MethodsA total of 947 patients were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DR (diabetic retinopathy group, DR group; non-diabetic retinopathy group, NDR group). The smoking index (SI) was calculated to assess smoking status. Factors such as sex, age, hypertension, T2DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and smoking status were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between DR and the above factors.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sex, age, hypertension, DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history and HbA1c. BMI was significantly higher in DR patients (27.7±4.2 vs 26.7±4.4, p=0.004). Smoking status was also different between the two groups (χ2=6.350, p=0.042). BMI was shown to be a related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (OR=0.592, p=0.004). When BMI was ≥28 kg/m2, heavy smoking was significantly associated with DR (OR=2.219, p=0.049), and there was a negative correlation between DR and the age of diagnosis of diabetes ≥60 years (OR=0.289, p=0.009).ConclusionsHeavy smoking was an important related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus when BMI was ≥28 kg/m2. Delaying the age of diabetes might prevent the occurrence of DR. To elucidate the correlation, long-term cohort studies with large samples are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Some studies have reported that no association was found between smoking and DR in patients with T2DM 27 28. Smoking cessation is one of the important targets for diabetes control and the prevention of chronic diabetes complications 29 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…Although we have correctly adjusted for dietary macronutrient composition, there are several dietary components (e.g., vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants) that we could not adjust for, and, hence, residual and unmeasured confounders may exist. Cigarette smoking has been found to be related to BW (39), and the evidence from epidemiologic studies has demonstrated a clear association between cigarette smoking and increased diabetes risk (40). It is possible that smoking could have affected the results, but this was not measured during WLM and therefore not adjusted for.…”

Section: Carediabetesjournalsorg Zhu and Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Dependent Associations of Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber With 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance and Glycemic Status in a High-Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Study PREVIEW

et al. 2021

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To examine longitudinal and dose-dependent associations of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and fiber with body weight and glycemic status during 3year weight loss maintenance (WLM) in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn this secondary analysis we used pooled data from the PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World (PREVIEW) randomized controlled trial, which was designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions. A total of 1,279 participants with overweight or obesity (age 25-70 years and BMI $25 kg Á m À2 ) and prediabetes at baseline were included. We used multiadjusted linear mixed models with repeated measurements to assess longitudinal and dose-dependent associations by merging the participants into one group and dividing them into GI, GL, and fiber tertiles, respectively. RESULTSIn the available-case analysis, each 10-unit increment in GI was associated with a greater regain of weight (0.46 kg Á year À1 ; 95% CI 0.23, 0.68; P < 0.001) and increase in HbA 1c . Each 20-unit increment in GL was associated with a greater regain of weight (0.49 kg Á year À1 ; 0.24, 0.75; P < 0.001) and increase in HbA 1c . The associations of GI and GL with HbA 1c were independent of weight change. Compared with those in the lowest tertiles, participants in the highest GI and GL tertiles had significantly greater weight regain and increases in HbA 1c . Fiber was inversely associated with increases in waist circumference, but the associations with weight regain and glycemic status did not remain robust in different analyses. CONCLUSIONSDietary GI and GL were positively associated with weight regain and deteriorating glycemic status. Stronger evidence on the role of fiber is needed.

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Tobacco use in diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study to determine the effect of snuff tobacco use on diabetes mellitus complications over a period of nine years

Ally,

van Zyl

2023

Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Afri

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Diabetes and Smoking: The Burden of Evidence

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Dose-Dependent Associations of Dietary Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Fiber With 3-Year Weight Loss Maintenance and Glycemic Status in a High-Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Study PREVIEW

Tobacco use in diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study to determine the effect of snuff tobacco use on diabetes mellitus complications over a period of nine years

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