Diabetes and higher HbA1c levels are independently associated with adverse renal outcomes in inpatients following multiple hospital admissions

Development and validation of a risk nomogram model for predicting pulmonary hypertension in patients with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease

“…Torkamani N et al found that the presence of diabetes and higher HbA1c levels were strongly and independently associated with adverse renal outcomes in patients with CKD who were hospitalized ≥ 2 times. These patients were at high risk for the relatively rapid deterioration of kidney function [ 27 ]. DM can cause damage to the pulmonary vascular endothelium and decrease the release of vasodilators, thus aggravating the degree of atherosclerosis, further increasing blood pressure, and eventually leading to high pressure load in the right ventricle and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in PAH [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Effects of finerenone in people with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes are independent of HbA1c at baseline, HbA1c variability, diabetes duration and insulin use at baseline

“…4 Higher HbA1c levels are strongly associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events, an increased rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and accelerated progression of CKD to end-stage kidney disease. [5][6][7][8][9] Not only the HbA1c level per se, but also its variability, are associated with an increased risk of cardiorenal adverse outcomes and all-cause mortality in people with T2D. 7,[10][11][12] Evidence also suggests that T2D duration is independently associated with an increased risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications.…”

“…A U‐shaped association of HbA1c levels and health outcomes exists, where HbA1c levels of less than 6% and 9% or higher are associated with a higher risk of death in people with CKD and diabetes 4 . Higher HbA1c levels are strongly associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events, an increased rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and accelerated progression of CKD to end‐stage kidney disease 5‐9 . Not only the HbA1c level per se, but also its variability, are associated with an increased risk of cardiorenal adverse outcomes and all‐cause mortality in people with T2D 7,10‐12 .…”

Interventions incorporating a multi‐disciplinary team approach and a dedicated care team can help reduce preventable hospital readmissions of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A scoping review of current literature

“…The burden of diabetes for inpatients is significant and costly, and hospital readmissions worsen this burden substantially 9,11 . By reducing preventable readmissions for people with T2DM, health‐care costs can potentially be reduced while improving care 9,12 . Hospitalisation allows for the prospect of supporting persons with diabetes care with the goal of reducing hospital readmission and hospital LOS 13,14 …”

“…9,11 By reducing preventable readmissions for people with T2DM, health-care costs can potentially be reduced while improving care. 9,12 Hospitalisation allows for the prospect of supporting persons with diabetes care with the goal of reducing hospital readmission and hospital LOS. 13,14 Predictors of readmission for those individuals with diabetes identified in previous literature include racial and socio-economic factors, non-diabetes-related comorbidities, failure of individuals to acknowledge diabetes post discharge, failure of the discharge process, poor health literacy, loss of control over illness, and social determinants of health.…”