Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study

Alguwaihes, Abdullah M.; Al-Sofiani, Mohammed E.; Megdad, Maram; Albader, Sakhar S.; Alsari, Mohammad H.; Alelayan, Ali; Alzahrani, Saad; Sabico, Shaun; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.; Jammah, Anwar A.

doi:10.1186/s12933-020-01184-4

Cited by 128 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The fear of getting the disease and losing loved ones [45] is another predisposing factor that may result in such a condition. The prevalence rate of moderate-to-severe depression symptoms in this study seems to be considerably higher than that of those reported by the Chinese study that included 1210 respondents during the COVID-19 outbreak (16.5%), whereas comparable rates for anxiety were noted (28.8%) [5]. Moreover, it was observed that results vary according to the sample size and the used assessment tool.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…However, symptoms may recur after initial recovery, even for people suffering from mild disease. The number of confirmed novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) deaths globally has surpassed two million [ 4 ], with worst outcomes coming from individuals with pre-existing conditions, including Saudi Arabia, where most hospitalized Covid-19 patients have diabetes [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most COVID-19 research focused on outcomes [ 5 , 20 ], and data on mental health are lacking [ 8 , 21 ]. COVID-19 was recently found to be associated with neurological damage [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

Alfawaz

Yakout

Wani

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental status and dietary intake of residents in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 11 May to 6 June 2020 corresponding to almost two weeks during and after Ramadan (23 April–23 May 2020). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the participants was 25.4%, 27.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. Participants aged ≥50 years with high income (≥8000 SAR) were at a lower risk of developing depression, whereas participants of the same age group with income 5000–7000 SAR were at high risk of developing anxiety. Students and master-educated participants suffer from median elevated depression and are required to take more multivitamins and vitamin D than others. Anxiety and depression were more common among married participants with low income. There is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at a higher risk of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide mental support.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

Alfawaz

Yakout

Wani

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…In this single-center retrospective study conducted from May to July, 2020, medical records of 550 adult residents of Riyadh, KSA, who were swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 [ N = 439 SARS-CoV-2 (+) and N = 111 SARS-CoV-2 (−)] and consequently admitted at KSUMC-KKUH from May–July 2020, were included [ 19 ]. Children and pregnant women were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe vitamin D deficiency is not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection but may increase mortality risk in hospitalized adults: a retrospective case–control study in an Arab Gulf country

et al. 2021

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Purpose As the world continues to cautiously navigate its way through the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several breakthroughs in therapies and vaccines are currently being developed and scrutinized. Consequently, alternative therapies for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) prevention, such as vitamin D supplementation, while hypothetically promising, require substantial evidence from countries affected by COVID-19. The present retrospective casecontrol study aims to identify differences in vitamin D status and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients screened for SARS-CoV-2, and determine associations of vitamin D levels with increased COVID-19 risk and mortality. Methods A total of 222 [SARS-CoV-2 (+) N = 150 (97 males; 53 females); SARS-CoV-2 (−) N = 72 (38 males, 34 females)] out of 550 hospitalized adult patients screened for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted at King Saud University Medical City-King Khalid University Hospital (KSUMC-KKUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from May-July 2020 were included. Clinical, radiologic and serologic data, including 25(OH)D levels were analyzed. Results Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) was present in 75% of all patients. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among SARS-CoV-2 (+) than SARS-CoV-2 (−) patients after adjusting for age, sex and body mass index (BMI) (35.8 ± 1.5 nmol/l vs. 42.5 ± 3.0 nmol/l; p = 0.037). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that significant predictors for SARS-CoV-2 include age > 60 years and pre-existing conditions (p < 0.05). Statistically significant predictors for mortality adjusted for covariates include male sex [Odds ratio, OR 3.3 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.2-9.2); p = 0.02], chronic kidney disease [OR 3.5 (95% CI 1.4-8.7); p = 0.008] and severe 25(OH)D deficiency (< 12.5 nmol/l), but at borderline significance ; p = 0.06]. Conclusion In hospital settings, 25(OH)D deficiency is not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but may increase risk for mortality in severely deficient cases. Clinical trials are warranted to determine whether vitamin D status correction provides protective effects against worse COVID-19 outcomes. KeywordsVitamin D • COVID-19 • Case-control • Saudi Arabia • Severe vitamin D deficiency AbdullahM. Alguwaihes and Shaun Sabico contributed equally.

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“…The sample size of the studies ranged from 134 to 79,381. The studies were conducted in Europe (14,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), America (26,27), and Asia (28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Moreover, the studies were cohort studies (14,22,25,27,30), case-control studies (20,21,26,31,32), cross-sectional studies (23,28,29) and interim audit (24) (see Table 1).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Teshome

Adane

Girma

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

107

101

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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory and systemic disorder caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel Coronavirus (nCoV). To date, there is no proven curative treatment for this virus; as a result, prevention remains to be the best strategy to combat coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been proposed to play a role in coronavirus infection (COVID-19). However, there is no conclusive evidence on its impact on COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between Vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 infection.Methods: A systematic literature search of databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane/Wiley library, Scopus, and SciELO) were conducted from May 15, 2020, to December 20, 2020. Studies that assessed the effect of vitamin D level on COVID-19/SARS-2 infection were considered for the review. The qualities of the included studies were evaluated using the JBI tools. Meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted and odds ratio with their 95%CI were reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis are reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline.Results: The electronic and supplementary searches for this review yielded 318 records from which, only 14 of them met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis indicated that vitamin D deficient individuals were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection as compared to vitamin D sufficient patients. The pooled analysis showed that individuals with Vitamin-D deficiency were 80% more likely to acquire COVID-19 infection as compared to those who have sufficient Vitamin D levels (OR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.72, 1.88). Begg's test also revealed that there was no significant publication bias between the studies (P = 0.764). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection was relatively higher in the case-control study design (OR = 1.81).Conclusions: In conclusion, low serum 25 (OH) Vitamin-D level was significantly associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The limited currently available data suggest that sufficient Vitamin D level in serum is associated with a significantly decreased risk of COVID-19 infection.

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Diabetes and Covid-19 among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia: a single-centre retrospective study

Cited by 128 publications

References 40 publications

Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

Severe vitamin D deficiency is not related to SARS-CoV-2 infection but may increase mortality risk in hospitalized adults: a retrospective case–control study in an Arab Gulf country

The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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