Di-quaternized graphene oxide based multi-cationic cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membrane for electrodialysis

Goel, Priya; Bhuvanesh, E.; Mandal, Priyabrata; Shahi, Vinod K.; Bandyopadhyay, Anasuya; Chattopadhyay, Sujay

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119361

Cited by 46 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Similarly, in the case of CMPSF, appearance of a new peak at 4.56 ppm confirms the presence of a chloromethyl group (Figure S8), and the degree of chloromethylation (DCM) was estimated to be 1.01 (using eq S13). This indicates the presence of one CH 2 Cl group per repeating unit of PSF . Furthermore, (i) a drop in peak intensity at 4.56 ppm and (ii) the appearance of new peaks between 2.0 and 3.5 ppm in 1 H NMR spectra of quaternized polysulfone (QPSF, Figure S9) indicates the conversion of chloromethyl groups of CMPSF into quaternary ammonium groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This indicates the presence of one CH 2 Cl group per repeating unit of PSF. 28 Furthermore, (i) a drop in peak intensity at 4.56 ppm and (ii) the appearance of new peaks between 2.0 and 3.5 ppm in 1 H NMR spectra of quaternized polysulfone (QPSF, Figure S9) indicates the conversion of chloromethyl groups of CMPSF into quaternary ammonium groups. Equations for estimation of functionalization degree (sulfonation of PEEK/chloromethylation of PSF) are presented in the Supporting Information (Section S8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of Dipicolinic Acid as a Water-Dissociating Catalyst in a Bipolar Membrane

Eswaraswamy

Mandal

Goel

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are increasingly being applied in chemical recovery and energy storage fields due to their unique water dissociation ability under reverse bias. BPMs capable of dissociating water at a lower potential will minimize energy consumption, and it depends on the thickness asymmetry between the cation exchange layer (CEL)/anion exchange layer (AEL) and the right catalyst material used at the interface of CEL/AEL. In this report, a heteroaromatic compound, 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid (also known as dipicolinic acid, DPA), is being proposed to be an effective interface catalyst for BPM made of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (CEL) and quaternized polysulfone (AEL). The optimum concentration of DPA as an interface layer over fabricreinforced AEL was found using an adsorption study. The thickness asymmetry between CEL and AEL (without catalyst) alone could lower the water dissociation onset potential (U diss ) to 0.72 V, which was further reduced to 0.70 V using DPA as an interface catalyst. After 5 h of electrodialysis experiments at 25 mA• cm −2 , the acid (or base) concentration increased from ∼0.19 mol•L −1 (without catalyst) to 0.21 mol•L −1 due to the presence of DPA at the interface. Meanwhile, operational studies performed using synthetic reverse osmosis (RO) reject of sea water confirm the consistency in the acid−base production during multiple cycles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Dipicolinic Acid as a Water-Dissociating Catalyst in a Bipolar Membrane

Eswaraswamy

Mandal

Goel

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Moreover, compared with MAPMs reported in recent literature, the Cl – /SO 4 2– selectivity and Cl – flux of the chosen ENF membrane is above the upper bond, indicating the excellent performance of the ENF membranes (see Figure ). ,,,,,− …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamide-Based Electronanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Anion Separation

Zhang

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Monovalent anion (i.e., Cl–/SO4 2–) permselective membranes with high permselectivity, low cost, and excellent stability are urgently desired in the chlor-alkali industry. Herein, a facile interfacial polymerization strategy is employed to fabricate polyamide-based electronanofiltration (ENF) membranes for efficient anion separation. The densely cross-linked network structure and the strong electrostatic repulsion to anions of high valence by a high density of carboxylic residuals lead to the low permeation of SO4 2– and high permselectivity of Cl–. Specifically, the optimized ENF membranes show a Cl– flux of 2.31 mol h–1 m–2 and Cl–/SO4 2– selectivity of 98 at a current density of 10 mA cm–2. The Cl– selectivity of ENF membranes is 20 times higher than that of the commercial monovalent anion-selective membrane (ACS), while the Cl– flux is of a similar value. Moreover, the ENF membranes show excellent cycle stability as the permselectivity remains stable in a 10-consecutive electrodialysis process. Therefore, polyamide-based ENF membranes can be promising candidates for practical Cl–/SO4 2– separation in industry.

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“…Compiled measured selectivity factors, β j i , achieved by (a) membrane-based cells and (b) electrosorption-based cells. Included are (red), ,,− (orange), ,,,− (blue), ,,,− , and (purple). ,,,− ,,,,− ,− (a) Results for ED stacks (triangles) and MCDI cells (squares). (b) Results for carbon-electrode CDI cells (circles) and CDI cells with redox or intercalation electrodes (diamonds).…”

Section: Comparing Achieved Ion Selectivity In Ed and CDImentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ion Selectivity in Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization

Shocron

Roth

Guyes

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Ion-selective removal is an important frontier in water purification technologies. For many emerging applications, removing all ions indiscriminately can lead to excessive energy consumption, high levelized cost of water, poor effluent water quality, and increased waste brine volume. Electrodialysis and capacitive deionization are two electrochemical water purification technologies which are promising toward tunable, ion-selective purification. These technologies have fundamentally different ion removal mechanisms, as electrodialysis leverages electrodiffusion through ion-exchange membranes while capacitive deionization utilizes electrosorption into charged electrodes. We here provide a direct comparison of ion selectivity achieved by these two technologies, focusing on several important ion pairs. We highlight distinct differences in achieved selectivity between these technologies and provide theory results to connect such observations to ion removal mechanisms. Based on the experimental literature, we find that capacitive deionization demonstrates a wider range of achieved ion selectivities than electrodialysis for competing cations such as Na+ vs Ca2+ and Li+ vs Na+, while a wider range is observed for electrodialysis when separating anion pairs such as Cl– vs SO4 2– and Cl– vs NO3 –. We conclude with reviewing “knobs” that can be adjusted to tune the achieved selectivities by both technologies, and emphasize important questions that should be answered in future studies to improve the selectivity of both technologies.

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Di-quaternized graphene oxide based multi-cationic cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membrane for electrodialysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Potential of Dipicolinic Acid as a Water-Dissociating Catalyst in a Bipolar Membrane

Potential of Dipicolinic Acid as a Water-Dissociating Catalyst in a Bipolar Membrane

Polyamide-Based Electronanofiltration Membranes for Efficient Anion Separation

Comparison of Ion Selectivity in Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization

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