DHA/EPA (Omega-3) and LA/GLA (Omega-6) as Bioactive Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Kousparou, Christina; Fyrilla, Maria; Stephanou, Anastasis; Patrikios, Ioannis

doi:10.3390/ijms241310717

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Additionally, an interaction between the apolipoprotein E phenotype and the high arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratios contributed to the pathogenesis of AD . The possible reason was that excessive levels of arachidonic acid might link to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in the brain, contributing to the pathogenesis of AD . The arachidonic acid is significantly enriched in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Hair Metabolome in 5xFAD Mice and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Chang,

Hsu,

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Hair emerged as a biospecimen for long-term investigation of endogenous metabolic perturbations, reflecting the chemical composition circulating in the blood over the past months. Despite its potential, the use of human hair for metabolomics in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research remains limited. Here, we performed both untargeted and targeted metabolomic approaches to profile the key metabolic pathways in the hair of 5xFAD mice, a widely used AD mouse model. Furthermore, we applied the discovered metabolites to human subjects. Hair samples were collected from 6-month-old 5xFAD mice, a stage marked by widespread accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain, followed by sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Forty-five discriminatory metabolites were discovered in the hair of 6-month-old 5xFAD mice compared to wild-type control mice. Enrichment analysis revealed three key metabolic pathways: arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Among these pathways, six metabolites demonstrated significant differences in the hair of 2month-old 5xFAD mice, a stage prior to the onset of amyloid plaque deposition. These findings suggest their potential involvement in the early stages of AD pathogenesis. When evaluating 45 discriminatory metabolites for distinguishing patients with AD from nondemented controls, a combination of L-valine and arachidonic acid significantly differentiated these two groups, achieving a 0.88 area under the curve. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of hair metabolomics in identifying disease-specific metabolic alterations and developing biomarkers for improving disease detection and monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arachidonic acid is significantly enriched in the brain. The arachidonic acid derivatives, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, are important in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD or Parkinson’s disease …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hair Metabolome in 5xFAD Mice and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Chang,

Hsu,

et al. 2024

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…PUFAs may act as antioxidants by regulating the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. The influence is through the hepatic lipid metabolism [97], physiological responses of other organs such as the heart [98], regulation of platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis [99,100], modulation of neurodegenerative diseases [101] and skin damage [102,103], among others.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and N-3 Pufamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Basis of Adjuvant Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential against Human Melanoma

Rojas-Solé,

Torres-Herrera,

Gelerstein-Claro

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Human melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor originating from epidermal melanocytes, characterized by intrinsic resistance to apoptosis and the reprogramming of proliferation and survival pathways during progression, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This malignancy displays a marked propensity for metastasis and often exhibits poor responsiveness to conventional therapies. Fatty acids, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, exert various physiological effects on melanoma, with increasing evidence highlighting the anti-tumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Additionally, n-3 PUFAs have demonstrated their ability to inhibit cancer metastatic dissemination. In the context of cancer treatment, n-3 PUFAs have been investigated in conjunction with chemotherapy as a potential strategy to mitigate severe chemotherapy-induced side effects, enhance treatment efficacy and improve safety profiles, while also enhancing the responsiveness of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Furthermore, dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs has been associated with numerous health benefits, including a decreased risk and improved prognosis in conditions such as heart disease, autoimmune disorders, depression and mood disorders, among others. However, the specific mechanisms underlying their anti-melanoma effects and outcomes remain controversial, particularly when comparing findings from in vivo or in vitro experimental studies to those from human trials. Thus, the objective of this review is to present data supporting the potential role of n-3 PUFA supplementation as a novel complementary approach in the treatment of malignant cancers such as melanoma.

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“…Additionally, EPA and DHA are involved in lowering the blood cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease. A deficiency of these acids may have an impact on cell death, cognitive function, and brain disorders, as well as the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases [99][100][101].…”

Section: Applications Of Microbial Oils In Cosmetics Pharmacy and Med...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Medicinal Properties of Microbial Oil

Uğur,

Zieniuk,

Fabiszewska

2024

Applied Sciences

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Plant and animal oils and fats currently dominate the edible oil market, but a new sustainable alternative of lipids from single-celled organisms has become advantageous in human nutrition and pharmacy. Single-cell oils (SCOs) are lipids biosynthesized and accumulated in the lipid bodies of oleaginous species of bacteria, yeasts, molds, and algae. The review has investigated SCOs’ composition, with a detailed review of the described beneficial impact in medicine, cosmetics, pharmacy, and nutrition. Although microbial oil has been known for more than 100 years, it was not applied until the 21st century, when commercial SCO production for human use started and administrative regulations governing their use were completed. This article discusses the applications of SCOs, which can be easily found in microorganisms, in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. In addition, some aspects of 15- or 17-carbon-atom-long fatty acids were also pointed out. Furthermore, some challenges for heterotrophic single-cell oil synthesis and improvements in its extraction efficiency have also been concluded, which can further contribute to their broadened use in pharmacy, medicine, cosmetics, and food applications.

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DHA/EPA (Omega-3) and LA/GLA (Omega-6) as Bioactive Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cited by 21 publications

References 94 publications

Characterization of Hair Metabolome in 5xFAD Mice and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Characterization of Hair Metabolome in 5xFAD Mice and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Cellular Basis of Adjuvant Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cancer Therapy: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential against Human Melanoma

Nutritional and Medicinal Properties of Microbial Oil

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