Dexmedetomidine as an Adjunct for Regional Anesthetic Nerve Blocks

[Retracted] Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Ropivacaine on Cognitive Dysfunction and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Craniocerebral Surgery

“…Ropivacaine is a local anesthetic drug commonly used in regional block analgesia and labor analgesia [ 7 – 9 ]. Ropivacaine provides more differential block when given epidurally over bupivacaine allowing for a better separation between sensory and motor block [ 8 , 9 ]. This advantage of ropivacaine relieved obstetric and postoperative epidural pain.…”

“…Ropivacaine has a lower systemic toxicity than both racemic mixture and levobupivacaine. In particular, its better cardiotoxic profile has been well documented and is an important advantage when using techniques with a potential for high plasma concentrations [ 7 – 9 ]. In order to study the application effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine in craniocerebral surgery, patients undergoing craniocerebral surgery were selected as the research objects in this study and received routine anesthesia as well as anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine, respectively, to observe and compare the anesthesia onset time, analgesic time, postoperative awake time, Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) cognitive function score after waking, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Ramsay sedation score, incidence of adverse reactions, postoperative inflammatory factor expression levels, and changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure at T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 between the two groups, with details reported as follows.…”

Adjuvant Drugs for Peripheral Nerve Blocks: The Role of Alpha-2 Agonists, Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

“…Evidence for dexmedetomidine as an adjunct for PNB is the strongest for BPB (61). As supported by a 2017 metaanalysis of 34 trials, perineural dexmedetomidine adjunct use in BPB effectively prolonged duration of analgesia by 4.5 h and motor and sensory blocks by 3 and 4 h, respectively, and decreased onset time of sensory block by 9 min and motor block by 8 min (62).…”

“…A dosage of 50 -60 µg dexmedetomidine is recommended in BPB to maximize sensory block duration while minimizing hemodynamic side effects (61,62). While a similarly strong recommendation for other PNBs is lacking and necessitating more dose-comparison studies, the literature consensus is 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine to pro-long peripheral nerve blockade by 200 min (36,51).…”

Does dexmedetomidine combined with levobupivacaine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks among patients undergoing impacted third molar surgery control postoperative morbidity?

“…The importance of effective control of postoperative pain is paramount and results in positive emotional and physiological outcomes projecting greater satisfaction, faster recovery, and early return to daily activities; thus, enabling a good quality of life for the participant [ 2 ]. Local anesthetic (LA) is the critical tenet of pre-emptive analgesia in dental procedures; however, it has the disadvantage of a finite duration of action that falls short of the duration of postoperative pain [ 3 ]. Levobupivacaine (LB), an enantiomer of bupivacaine, demonstrates a dose-dependent prolonged duration of action with minimal cardiac toxicity and has emerged as the preferred long-acting LA.…”