Deworming efficacy of <i>Albizia anthelmintica</i> in Uganda: preliminary findings

Gradé, Jeanne; Tabuti, John R. S.; Damme, Patrick Van; Arble, Bennett L.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00851.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Consistent with this observation, sheep also increase intake and preference for tannin-containing foods when they are infected with endoparasites relative to when parasitic loads are not present (Lisonbee et al, 2009;Villalba et al, 2009a). Other studies suggest livestock self-medicate by grazing specific medicinal plants when ill (Grade et al, 2007 and2009). …”

Section: Foraging Behavior Plant Secondary Compounds and Animal Healthsupporting

confidence: 68%

Links between ruminants’ food preference and their welfare

Villalba

Provenza

Manteca

2010

Animal

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Nutrition is an important aspect of welfare, and in most recommendations for the welfare of animals adequate nutrition is a primary requirement. However, in intensive livestock production systems the decision for adequate nutrition is made based on traditional paradigms of feeding monotonous rations or plant monocultures, frequently with excesses or imbalances of nutrients relative to the individuals' physiology, which can compromise welfare. Individual ruminants can better meet their needs for nutrients and regulate their intake of secondary compounds when offered a variety of foods than when constrained to a single food, even if the food is nutritionally balanced. The concept of food variety is central because monotonous flavors and feeds and excess nutrients all cause animals to satiate, which in turn causes animals to eat a variety of foods. When offered a variety of foods, satiety for single foods stimulates the selection of a diverse diet and thus food intake, but when restricted to a monotonous diet satiety is aversive and limits food intake. Moreover, if a monotonous diet is aversive to animals then this could be stressful, even if monotony implies consuming a balanced diet. A diverse diet may also increase resistance to disease in ruminants, by allowing consumption of small amounts of compounds with antimicrobial/antiparasitic effects and immunity-enhancing properties. Herbivores also experience the benefits of ingesting compounds with medicinal (i.e. antiparasitic) benefits and they learn to prefer foods containing such compounds as their preferences are associatively conditioned by the food's homeostatic utility to the body. Such learned patterns of behavior begin in utero and feeding experiences early in life cause changes -neurological, morphological and physiological -in animals, which influence on their subsequent behavior and welfare. Such experiences with the environment enable animals to adapt to local diets and stressors and reduce the levels of fear. Finally, feeding behavior in farm animals could be an aid in the early detection and mitigation of pain or sickness, and as such become an important tool in the identification of welfare and health of animals before the appearance of clinical signs. Management strategies in ruminant production systems could benefit by allowing animals to manifest their feeding preferences, thereby acknowledging the animals' role as active players in feeding systems, instead of regarding them as passive entities that just respond to prescriptions and formulations.

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Section: Foraging Behavior Plant Secondary Compounds and Animal Healthsupporting

confidence: 68%

Links between ruminants’ food preference and their welfare

Villalba

Provenza

Manteca

2010

Animal

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“…and Vernonia amygdalina have drawn primatologists' attention (Lozano 1998), Albizia anthelmintica is a particularly good candidate for further exploration of livestock pharmacognosy. In addition to its high importance factors in this study, A. anthelmintica has shown anthelmintic activity in several studies (Gathuma et al 2004;Githiori et al 2003;Gradé et al 2007;Koko et al 2000).…”

Section: Importance Factorsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Culturally, people rarely disclose their true number of animals, so even this low ratio may be overestimated. Thus, the Karamojong rely almost exclusively on local knowledge and medicines for treating diseases in both people and animals (Gradé et al 2007).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these veterinary remedies are also used to treat human afflictions. Following this survey, validation field trials of selected EVMs were undertaken to evaluate their efficacy in the field (Gradé 2001). Early in one such study, the first author observed an abrupt drop in individual goats' internal parasite loads (measured by daily fecal eggs per gram and fecal egg count reduction), whereas this was not observed in other species studied (unpublished data).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Fabaceae). It was explained that goats suffering from internal parasites tend to graze A. anthelmintica, followed by expulsion of gross worms in the feces and improvement in their symptoms (Gradé et al 2007). This observation led us to search for other self-medicating behaviors by similar livestock in the project area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four Footed Pharmacists: Indications of Self-Medicating Livestock in Karamoja, Uganda

2008

Self Cite

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Four Footed Pharmacists: Indications of Self-Medicating Livestock in Karamoja, Uganda. Following observations of goats' possible self-medication browsing the anti-parasitic plant, Albizia anthelmintica, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to examine whether livestock engage in other self-medicating behaviors, and if people also use the same medications. Information was gathered over a five-month period from 147 Karamojong pastoralists and healers using a checklist of questions. There were 124 observations for 50 proposed selfmedicating behaviors, primarily eating plants, to treat a total of 35 disease conditions. Of the plant species, 72% were also prepared by informants to treat human or veterinary diseases. Species importance was estimated by four factors: >3 user citations, informant consensus factor >0.4, fidelity level >40% and presence in the local pharmacopoeia. Eight species fulfilled all of these factors, and 12 had at least three. These results provide support for the hypothesis that animals graze specific plants when ill and suggest that people have developed some of their knowledge through animal observation.

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