Dew and hoarfrost frequency, formation efficiency and chemistry in Wroclaw, Poland

Gałek, Grzegorz; Sobik, Mieczysław; Błaś, Marek; Polkowska, Żaneta; Cichała-Kamrowska, Katarzyna; Wałaszek, Kinga

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.05.006

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This section discusses the dew days and the dew intensity of different landscapes with seasonal changes in urban ecosystems based on the dew intensity calculation formulas (1 and 2) and dew observation method mentioned in Section 2.2. The dew days were 13,18,15,24,23,16, and 20 from April to October with 129 dew days during the experimental period. The number of dew days accounted for 61.4% of the frost-free season.…”

Section: Meteorological Factor Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method accelerated the vapor condensation but could not simulate the real situation of dew formation in urban environments. Galek et al collected dew from Wroclaw City in Poland, compared the dew and rain chemical characteristics, and found that the ion concentrations in dew are significantly higher than those in rain [18]. Nevertheless, they did not monitor the dew amount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel method for monitoring urban dew condensation and its application

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2017

Teh. vjesn.

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Original scientific paper Dew is crucial moisture input for the water balance of urban ecosystems. Dew, which is an important environmental factor of urban ecosystem, can be easily absorbed by plant leaves and provide nutrients (N, P, and K) to plants. Moreover, dew formation is important in air purification. However, few internationally accepted standard methods or instruments are currently available for measuring dew amount in urban ecosystems because of the small dew amount. In order to accurately measure the night water vapour condensation and evaluate the effects of surface hardening to near-surface water cycle, this study monitored dew condensation and combined dew with leaf area index, and a novel method was proposed for monitoring and calculating dew amount in different underlying surfaces in urban ecosystems. The Changchun City in China was considered as an example and the proposed method was used to observe dew condensation in different functional areas of the city during the frost-free period (April 2016 to October 2016). Finally, the main meteorological factors affecting dew condensation were analyzed by summarizing the rule of vapour condensation; moreover, dew intensity and annual dewfall of different landscapes were obtained. Results indicate that greenbelt landscapes are important sites for dew deposition. The landscapes of dew intensity, in descending order, are greenbelt landscape, bare landscape, and road landscape (P < 0.01). Relative humidity is the main factor affecting water vapour migration. Dewfall amounts in the greenbelt, road, and bare landscapes are 61.43, 0.56, and 1.23 mm, respectively. The annual dewfall is 22.98 mm in Changchun according to the proportion of each landscape. The dew-monitoring method system in urban area is improved and the wet deposition from vapour condensation of different surfaces underlying at night is added. The method provides theoretical reference for further research on revealing the near-surface water cycle. Keywords: dew intensity; dewfall; landscape; urban ecosystem Nova metoda za praćenje kondenzacije rose u gradu i njezina primjenaIzvorni znanstveni članak Rosa predstavlja unos vlage bitan za održavanje razine vode gradskih ekosustava. Rosu, koja je važan ekološki faktor gradskih ekosustava, lišće biljaka lako apsorbira i tako se opskrbljuje hranjivim tvarima (N, P i K). Osim toga, stvaranje rose važno je u pročišćavanju zraka. Ipak, ima malo internacionalno prihvaćenih standardnih metoda ili instrumenata trenutačno raspoloživih za mjerenje količine rose u urbanim ekosustavima, zbog male količine rose. U svrhu točnog mjerenja kondenzacije vodene pare noću i procjene učinaka stvrdnjavanja površine na tokove vode blizu površine, u radu se prati kondenzacija rose i kombinira rosa s indeksom površine lista te se predlaže nova metoda za praćenje i izračunavanje količine rose u različitim površinama urbanih ekoloških sustava. Grad Changchun u Kini uzet je kao primjer i predloženom metodom se promatrala kondenzacija rose u njegovim različitim funkcionalnim ...

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Section: Meteorological Factor Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for monitoring urban dew condensation and its application

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2017

Teh. vjesn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fog-haze is a severe weather that causes disasters, which China is currently facing, and occurs frequently in cities. Given the large-scale hardening of surface layer and heat island effect, cities are also the "landscape unit" where dew condensation occurs frequently not only at high frequency but also in large dew amount [1,2]. Dew and fog-haze are similar in formation time and meteorological conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they failed to monitor the frequency and intensity of vapour condensation in the surface layer during the fog-haze process, thereby limiting the study on the matter transformation mechanisms in processes such as fog-haze particulate deposition and dissipation. Gałek et al [2] and Beysens et al [16] observed surface-layer vapour condensation in Wroclaw, Poland and Paris, respectively, and revealed markedly higher daily dew amount in the suburban area (0.18 ÷ 0.42 mm) than the urban area (0.09 ÷ 0.22 mm) for Wroclaw and significantly lower annual dew amount in downtown area (3.5 mm) than the suburban area (17 mm) for Paris. Their studies utilized dew under normal weather conditions as an input for the water balance of wet deposition; however, they did not consider the observation data of dew condensation during fog-haze days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inhalable particles PM 10 and fine particulates PM 2.5 ) have a direct and strong effect on human health [5]. Particles act as condensation nuclei that absorb vapours in the atmosphere, which undergo adsorption, ingestion, homogeneous or heterogeneous chemical transformations, moisture absorption, bonding, and agglomeration processes to form dew, meanwhile, the condensation phase is a natural purification process of the near-surface particles (e.g., PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) and gas pollutants (e.g., NH 3 , SO 2 , and NO x ) [6 ÷ 8]. Therefore, the intensity, frequency, and influencing factors of dew condensation have become the research focus at home and abroad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Fog-Haze on Dew Condensation in Urban Areas

Xu¹,

Zhu

Pan

et al. 2018

Teh. vjesn.

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Abstract:In recent years, fog-haze weather has frequently occurred in urban ecosystem, with accompanied dew condensation in the surface layer. Dew formation plays an important role in air purification, which takes fine aerosols in the atmosphere as the condensation nuclei. However, the influence of fog-haze on dew condensation remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the influences of fog-haze days on the frequency, intensity, and duration of dew condensation, to reveal the factors relevant to dew condensation during weather pollution, and to improve the air quality in fog-haze days. The monitor-based direct weighing method was employed in this study to observe the vapour condensation in urban greenbelt under fog-haze and normal weather conditions during the frost-free season (April-October 2017) in Changchun, China. The differences in dew condensation intensity and frequency were discriminated under different weather conditions. Then, the influences of fog-haze days on the vapour condensation were analyzed by monitoring the velocity and duration of dew condensation in polluted weather. Finally, a program for improving air quality was proposed based on the analysis of major meteorological factors that affect the dew condensation during the fog-haze days. Results show that the dew condensation velocity decreases significantly (P < 0.01) from 0.0067 mm/h in normal weather to 0.0026 mm/h in a fog-haze day, whereas the condensation duration is prolonged. The dew condensation intensities are 0.064, 0.045, and 0.051 mm/d under fog, haze, and normal weather conditions, respectively, and the fog-haze weather has no significant effect on the frequency or intensity of dew condensation (P > 0.05). The particulate matter concentration, wind speed, air pressure, relative humidity, and solar radiation are the main factors that affect the vapour transport during the fog-haze days. Artificial increase of surface layer vapours can promote the particulates to absorb vapours fully and settle to the ground in the form of dew, thereby reducing the particulate matter concentration within the scope of human activities. The present study supplements the eigenvalues for dew condensation in urban areas during special pollution periods and reveals the influence of fog-haze on the night time vapour condensation in urban areas. Findings of this study provide theoretical basis for further developing the programs for controlling fog-haze weather and improving urban air quality.

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Winter hoar frost conditions on Swedish roads in a warming climate

Huang

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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As one of the most common reasons for slippery roads in wintertime, hoar frost can reduce surface friction and affect traffic safety. The risk of winter road hoar frost is subjected to changes in the warming climate. A better understanding of these changes could lead to improved forecasting of hoar frost risk and provide information to policymakers in making climate adaptation strategies. In this work, the decadal variation in winter road hoar frost risk between 2000 and 2016 in Sweden was examined by using in situ observations from 244 stations in the Swedish Road Weather Information System. Results show that hoar frost risks have decreased in the south of Sweden (south of 59°N), whilst increasing in central Sweden (approximately 59°–65°N). Hoar frost risk tends to increase (decrease) in regions where there is a relatively high (low) mean number of hoar frost risk days. Further analysis indicates that the strengthened winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over the last few decades, which resulted in warmer and wetter winters in Sweden, is the main cause of the changes. During strong positive NAO winters, the frequency of blocking anticyclones centred to the south‐west of Sweden significantly decreased and led to more warm and moist air from south‐west being transported to Sweden. The reduction in hoar frost risk in the southern part of Sweden is mainly due to an increase in road surface temperature, while the increasing hoar frost risk in central Sweden is dominated by the increase in relative humidity, which favours the occurrence of hoar frost.

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Dew and hoarfrost frequency, formation efficiency and chemistry in Wroclaw, Poland

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

A novel method for monitoring urban dew condensation and its application

A novel method for monitoring urban dew condensation and its application

Influence of Fog-Haze on Dew Condensation in Urban Areas

Winter hoar frost conditions on Swedish roads in a warming climate

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