Devulcanization of waste rubber powder using thiobisphenols as novel reclaiming agent

Feedstock Recycling of Rubber – A Review on Devulcanization Technologies

“…Thiobisphenols, 4,40-dithiobis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), were also studied for thermo-chemical devulcanization [36]. In that study, 100 parts of GTR were mixed with 10 parts of aromatic oil with different contents of thiobisphenols of up to 3 g by a blender at room temperature.…”

“…In that study, 100 parts of GTR were mixed with 10 parts of aromatic oil with different contents of thiobisphenols of up to 3 g by a blender at room temperature. Subsequently, the devulcanization process was carried out using an internal mixer at 45 rpm between 180 °C and 200 °C for 10 min [36]. [37] proposed to use bis(3-triethoxysilyl propyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) for chemical devulcanization.…”

“…In [36], 100 parts of devulcanized rubber were mixed with 2. *Cost savings for goods producers, since the devulcanized material is cheaper than its replacement, natural rubber.…”

RSM applied to PS/SBRr/SEBS Blends. Proper tool for maximized properties

“…The reuse of vulcanized rubbers is currently one of the main drawbacks in the recycling area, as consequence of chemical crosslinking between macromolecular chains, which hinder melting and reprocessing [6,7]. Therefore, the final destination of vulcanized waste has been one of the main problems facing humanity, as its degradation occurs slowly, not only due to crosslinkings, but also due to stabilizers and other additives, making it difficult to be reused and heading to environmental damage when discarded [8,9].…”

Devulcanization of natural rubber vulcanizates by Bacillus cereus TISTR 2651

“…Recycling of the vulcanized rubber is an alternative method that converts the rubber waste into value added products [5][6][7]. Devulcanization is one form of recycling, where the crosslinked bonds in the rubber chains are cleaved, and can be classified into the three broad processes of physical [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], chemical [12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20] and biological [12,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] devulcanization processes. Physical devulcanization generally requires a high temperature or external energy for cleavage of the crosslinked bonds and so this process has a high cost and high energy consumption, challenging its economic and environmental viability.…”