Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Garcia, Pâmela S.; Sousa, Fabiula Danielli Bastos de; Lima, Juliana Aristéia de; Cruz, Sandra Andréa; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.91

Cited by 145 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Figure 2 and Table 2 show the mass loss values and the temperature ranges from TGA. According to Weber et al [23], the first mass loss occurs at 291.6 °C, and it is related to the oil decomposition present in the sample (30.1%) and other organic polymeric additives [4,28,29]. At 447.4 °C, the corresponding degradation of EPDM (23.87%) occurs (under nitrogen flow) [23].…”

Section: Milling and Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Relationship among Vulcanization, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Blends Containing Recycled EPDM

2017

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Abstract:The production of consumption goods made of elastomer generates large amounts of vulcanized residues. The final proper environmental disposal of this material is a serious problem, which involves high costs and a possible waste of a material with high added value. The recycling of elastomers is a very important alternative since it is related directly to the protection of the environment, energy conservation, and sustainability. An option for companies that produce elastomeric residues is their incorporation in the formulations by producing polymeric blends. Thus, this work aims to prepare polymeric blends composed of ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and raw EPDM/EPDM residue (EPDM-r) in different concentrations, when the residue is ground at room temperature. The morphology of the residue, vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphology of the blends were analyzed, showing promising results that point to the feasibility of using EPDM-r in the production of polymeric blends and as a possible solution to the problem of the final disposal of solid residues.

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Section: Milling and Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, the residue was ground in a knife mill (Marconi, model MA 580, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil). The distribution of particle size was determined by granulometric analysis, according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5644-01, using the sieves with 20,25,28,35,48, and 65 mesh.…”

Section: Milling and Characterization Of Epdm-rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among Vulcanization, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Blends Containing Recycled EPDM

2017

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“…devulcanization/polymerization) of the GTR particles [3]. Nowadays, the preferred method for that is microwave devulcanization [4][5][6][7]. Another product that can be made from used tires is pyrolytic carbon black (pCB), which has been attracting more and more interest lately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pyrolytic and industrial carbon black

2017

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To evaluate the performance of pyrolytic carbon black (pCB), we filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pCB and N330 industrial carbon black (CB). We used two ratios of pCB and N330: 1/9 and 1/1. N330 was selected because its specific surface area was close to that of pCB. The overall CB content in the mixes was 0, 30, 45 and 60 part per hundred rubber (phr). We studied the effects of types and amounts of CB on the dispersion, cure behavior, dynamic mechanical thermal behavior, tensile mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of the filled rubbers. Dispersion of pCB was poorer than that of N330 CB. With respect to tensile mechanical properties -except tear strength -N330 outperformed pCB. The tear strength and fracture mechanics characteristics (J-integral at crack tip opening, and trouser tear strength) of SBR were higher with pCB than with N330. This can be attributed to the broader dispersion of pCB than N330. The combined use of N330 and pCB resulted in intermediate values reflecting the actual N330/pCB ratio for all measured parameters. We wanted to correlate the mechanical performance with the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), and found reasonable correlations for the Payne effect, tensile strength and critical J-integral. On the other hand, we only found a tendency for tear characteristics; this was ascribed to additional effects of (p)CB dispersion.2

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“…It has been recognized, however, that the latter applications require -at least -partial devulcanization [2]. Promising approaches of industrial scale for devulcanization/reclaiming are related with ultrasonic [5] and microwave techniques [6][7]. Pyrolysis of waste tires is considered nowadays as an economic option [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers (SBR) Containing Pyrolytic Carbon Black, Conventional Carbon Black, and Organoclay

Berki

Karger‐Kocsis

2016

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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To evaluate the reinforcing potential of pyrolytic carbon black styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was filled with pelletized pyrolytic carbon black (pCBp), N660 industrial CB, their blend in a 1/1 ratio, and the latter also in the absence and presence of additional organoclay (OC). The Shore A hardness of the filled SBR gums was 65±2 o . Effects of the compositions on the filler dispersion, cure behavior, dynamic mechanical thermal parameters (including the Payne effect), tensile mechanical (including the Mullins effect) and fracture mechanical (making use of the Jintegral concept) properties were studied and discussed. Though pCBp had a higher specific surface weight than CB, the latter proved to be a more active filler with respect to the tensile strength. The opposite tendency was found for the tear strength and fracture mechanics characteristics (J-integral at crack tip opening, tearing modulus and trouser tear strength). This was traced to an enlargement in the crack tip damage zone supported by the dispersion characteristics of the pCBp. The performance of pCBp was similar to that of CB with respect to some other properties. OC supported the filler networking which positively affected the resistance to crack initiation.

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Devulcanization of ground tire rubber: Physical and chemical changes after different microwave exposure times

Cited by 145 publications

References 43 publications

Relationship among Vulcanization, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Blends Containing Recycled EPDM

Relationship among Vulcanization, Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Blends Containing Recycled EPDM

Structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pyrolytic and industrial carbon black

Comparative Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers (SBR) Containing Pyrolytic Carbon Black, Conventional Carbon Black, and Organoclay

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