Devils Hole, Nevada--A Primer

Landwehr, Jurate M.; Winograd, Isaac J.

doi:10.3133/fs20123021

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…U.S. Geological Survey research diver holds 16.5-in (42-cm)long core of calcite (DH-11) immediately after removal at a depth of 30 m below the water table, Devils Hole, Nevada, June 24, 1987. DH-11 yielded a remarkable climatic record .…”

Section: Many Standard Atomic Weights Are Not Constants Of Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concomitantly, variations in the atomic weight of oxygen in precipitation and groundwater are reflected in the atomic weight of oxygen of calcite (CaCO 3 ) precipitated from groundwater over the last several hundred thousand years Figure shows a calcite core drilled from Devils Hole, a cave in southern Nevada. Increasing sea surface temperatures give rise to higher abundances of 18 O (higher atomic weights of oxygen) in precipitation and groundwater, and to CaCO 3 precipitating from these groundwaters, including calcite precipitated at Devils Hole (Figure ).…”

Section: Many Standard Atomic Weights Are Not Constants Of Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atomic weight of oxygen in a vein calcite core (CaCO 3 ) from Devils Hole, Nevada, is a proxy for sea surface temperature off of southern California between 4.5 and 160 thousand years ago. Data from ref .…”

Section: Many Standard Atomic Weights Are Not Constants Of Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Clarifying Atomic Weights: A 2016 Four-Figure Table of Standard and Conventional Atomic Weights

2017

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To indicate that atomic weights of many elements are not constants of nature, in 2009 and 2011 the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (CIAAW) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) replaced single-value standard atomic weight values with atomic weight intervals for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium); for example, the standard atomic weight of nitrogen became the interval [14.00643, 14.00728]. CIAAW recognized that some users of atomic weight data only need representative values for these 12 elements, such as for trade and commerce. For this purpose, CIAAW provided conventional atomic weight values, such as 14.007 for nitrogen, and these values can serve in education when a single representative value is needed, such as for molecular weight calculations. Because atomic weight values abridged to four figures are preferred by many educational users and are no longer provided by CIAAW as of 2015, we provide a table containing both standard atomic weight values and conventional atomic weight values abridged to four figures for the chemical elements. A retrospective review of changes in four-digit atomic weights since 1961 indicates that changes in these values are due to more accurate measurements over time or to the recognition of the impact of natural isotopic fractionation in normal terrestrial materials upon atomic weight values of many elements. Use of the unit “u” (unified atomic mass unit on the carbon mass scale) with atomic weight is incorrect because the quantity atomic weight is dimensionless, and the unit “amu” (atomic mass unit on the oxygen scale) is an obsolete term: Both should be avoided.

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Section: Many Standard Atomic Weights Are Not Constants Of Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Many Standard Atomic Weights Are Not Constants Of Naturementioning

confidence: 99%