“…4 Fractional giant Shapiro steps at voltages V n,q = N n Ω/2eq, were observed experimentally 5,6 for strongly commensurate magnetic fields, f = p/q, with p, q integers, and extensively investigated in numerical simulations. 7,8,9,10,11 Also, subharmonic giant Shapiro steps at voltages V n,m = N n Ω/2em were observed experimentally 6 for zero magnetic field (f = 0), and attributed to the nucleation of complex collective dynamical states 12,13 induced by disorder or inductance effects. Shapiro-like phase-locking is also observed in the case of driven vortex lattices in bulk superconductors with two-dimensional periodic pinning arrays, as recently reported both experimentally 14 and theoretically.…”