Device-to-device communication in 5G cellular networks: challenges, solutions, and future directions

Abstract

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.In a conventional cellular system, devices are not allowed to directly communicate with each other in the licensed cellular bandwidth and all communications take place through the base stations. In this article, we envision a two-tier cellular network that involves a macrocell tier (i.e., BS-to-device communications) and a device tier (i.e., device-to-device communications). Device terminal relaying makes it possible for devices in a network to function as transmission relays for each other and realize a massive ad hoc mesh network. This is obviously a dramatic departure from the conventional cellular architecture and brings unique technical challenges. In such a two-tier cellular system, since the user data is routed through other users' devices, security must be maintained for privacy. To ensure minimal impact on the performance of existing macrocell BSs, the two-tier network needs to be designed with smart interference management strategies and appropriate resource allocation schemes. Furthermore, novel pricing models should be designed to tempt devices to participate in this type of communication. Our article provides an overview of these major challenges in two-tier networks and proposes some pricing schemes for different types of device relaying

Optimal Routing for Multihop Social-Based D2D Communications in the Internet of Things

“…Device-to-device (D2D) communication has attracted a considerable amount of attention and is now regarded as a promising technology for IoT networks due to its high power efficiency, high spectral efficiency, and low transmission delay [3]- [6]. Such a flexible transmission protocol alleviates the stringent design requirements usually placed on infrastructure devices and reduces transmission overheads caused by centralized coordination and management [4].…”

“…D2D communications can be classified into two categories, depending on whether frequency resources are shared between D2D systems and traditional cellular systems; these two categories are termed underlay and overlay D2D communications, respectively [5]. It has been proved that underlay D2D communications would be able to provide high spectrum efficiency and support spectrum sharing in the 5G IoT [6].…”

“…However, the systems in [4]- [6], [8]- [16] mostly assume that nodes are grouped into transmitter/receiver pairs. The nodes in each pair trust to each other by default, which is impractical.…”

Simple network design and power allocation for 5G device-to-device communication

“…Meanwhile, the dramatic growth of mobile data services driven by wireless Internet and smart devices has triggered the investigation of fifth gernation (5G) for the next generation mobile telecommunications [2]- [4]. To help alleviate the huge infrastructure investment in the exponential growth of mobile traffic and improve local service flexibility, device-to-device (D2D) communications have been considered one of the key techniques for 5G [5], [6].…”

“…This requires learning how to improve the the model to better appeal to a wider base and move toward additional solutions. In this paper we provided an overview of a D2D communication two-tier 5G hetergenous network based on [6] by means of various Integer Linear programming (ILP). Finally, we present experiments on how Fractional knapsack using greedy algorithm can be used for power efficiency, thus allowing of future optimization problems.…”