Background
Atrial arrhythmias are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Recent reports among implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), predominantly in dual‐chamber recipients. AF incidence among patients with single‐chamber systems (approximately 50% of all ICDs) is currently unknown. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of new‐onset AF among single‐chamber ICD patients by observing the rates of new atrial tachycardia (AT)/AF among a propensity scoring matched cohort of dual‐chamber ICD patients from the PainFree SmartShock technology study, to better inform screening initiatives.
Methods
Among 2770 patients enrolled, 1862 single‐chamber, dual‐chamber, and cardiac resynchronization therapy subjects with no prior history of atrial tachyarrhythmias were included. Daily AT/AF burden was estimated using a propensity score weighted model against data from dual‐chamber ICDs.
Results
Over 22 ± 9 months of follow‐up, the estimated incidence of AT/AF—lasting at least 6 min, 6 h, and 24 h per day —in the single‐chamber cohort was 22.0, 9.8, and 6.3%, whereas among dual‐chamber patients, the prevalence was 26.6, 13.1, and 7.1%, respectively. Initiation of oral anticoagulation was estimated to occur in 9.8% of the propensity matched single‐chamber cohort, which was higher than the actual observed rate of 6.0%. Stroke and transient ischemic attack occurred at low rates in all device subgroups.
Conclusions
Atrial arrhythmias occur frequently, and significant underutilization of anticoagulation is suggested in single‐chamber ICD recipients. Routine screening for AF should be considered among single‐chamber ICD recipients.