Developments of the off-plane x-ray grating spectrometer for IXO

McEntaffer, Randall L.; Murray, Neil J.; Holland, Andrew D.; Tutt, James H.; Barber, S. J.; Harriss, R. D.; Schultz, Ted; Casement, Suzanne; Lillie, Charles F.; Dailey, Dean; Johnson, Timothy P.; Danner, Rolf; Cash, Webster; Zeiger, B.; Shipley, Ann F.; Page, M. J.; Walton, D.; Pool, P.; Endicott, J.; Willingale, Dick

doi:10.1117/12.857460

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…54 There is also a novel grating geometry called the critical angle transmission grating (CATG) that combines features of both transmission gratings and blazed reflection gratings. Large area grazing incidence telescopes will be essential.…”

Section: High Energy Resolution/high Throughput X-ray Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing incidence telescopes for x-ray astronomy

Gorenstein

2012

Opt. Eng

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Downloaded From: http://opticalengineering.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/15/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Abstract. With grazing incidence telescopes, x-ray astronomy became a major branch of astrophysics. They are an indispensable tool in the study of >10 6 K thermal and non-thermal high energy phenomena occurring in objects from the solar system to the most distant sites in the universe. They have shed light upon dark matter and dark energy. Four cosmic missions with focusing grazing incidence x-ray telescopes based upon the Wolter 1 geometry are currently in space. They include two observatory class facilities launched in 1999, NASA's high resolution x-ray and ESA's high throughput XMM-Newton. Two others are Japan's Suzaku, performing a variety of studies, and the Swift XRT, which finds precise positions for the x-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. Four new cosmic missions with Wolter-like focusing telescopes are scheduled for launch. They will provide much broader bandwidth (NuSTAR and Astro-H), perform a new sky survey with more exposure time and a broader energy range than previous surveys (eROSITA), have an imaging detector with much better energy resolution (Astro-H), and measure polarization (GEMS). The Kirkpatrick-Baez and the lobster-eye are two types of potentially useful grazing incidence telescopes that have not yet been in orbit. It may not be possible to improve upon Chandra's 0.5 arcsec resolution without new technology.

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Section: High Energy Resolution/high Throughput X-ray Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing incidence telescopes for x-ray astronomy

Gorenstein

2012

Opt. Eng

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“…An array of off-plane gratings can be coupled with a set of nested Wolter-I optics (a primary parabolic mirror, followed by a secondary hyperbolic) to disperse a spectrum onto an imaging detector placed at the focal plane, typically a CCD camera. 7 The spectrum forms an arc of diffracted light in the shape of a cone, giving the common name for this type of diffraction-conical diffraction. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, most authors have proposed aligning the grating hubs to one another. 4,7 Other approaches, such as aligning the zero order foci or even the theoretical first order foci for a given wavelength are certainly feasible. A variety of grating placement schemes will be raytraced to determine which results in the lowest aberration over our bandpass of interest.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alignment tolerances for off-plane reflection grating spectroscopy: theoretical calculations and laboratory techniques

2013

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Off-plane reflection gratings can be used to provide high throughput and spectral resolution in the 0.3-2.0 keV band, allowing for unprecedented diagnostics of energetic astrophysical processes. A grating spectrometer consists of multiple aligned gratings intersecting the converging beam of a Wolter-I telescope. Each grating will be aligned such that the diffracted spectra overlap at the focal plane. Misalignments will degrade both spectral resolution and effective area. In this paper we present a summary of analytical alignment tolerance calculations, including an investigation of diffraction efficiency alignment dependence. Our plan for extending this work to future modeling and simulation is laid out. Finally, we report on the status of laboratory techniques to achieve these tolerances for flight-like optics. Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/16/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8861 88611C-3 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/16/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8861 88611C-8 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/16/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms Proc. of SPIE Vol. 8861 88611C-11 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 05/16/2015 Terms of Use: http://spiedl.org/terms

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“…They offer compact packing geometries, excellent grating efficiency, and the potential for very high resolving powers. An array of off-plane gratings can be coupled with a set of nested Wolter-I optics (a primary parabolic mirror, followed by a secondary hyperbolic) to disperse a spectrum onto an imaging detector placed at the focal plane, typically a CCD camera [6]. The spectrum forms an arc of diffracted light in the shape of a cone, giving the common name for this type of diffraction-conical diffraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analytical alignment tolerances for off-plane reflection grating spectroscopy

Allured

McEntaffer

2013

Exp Astron

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Future NASA X-ray Observatories will shed light on a variety of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Off-plane reflection gratings can be used to provide high throughput and spectral resolution in the 0.3-1.5 keV band, allowing for unprecedented diagnostics of energetic astrophysical processes. A grating spectrometer consists of multiple aligned gratings intersecting the converging beam of a Wolter-I telescope. Each grating will be aligned such that the diffracted spectra overlap at the focal plane. Misalignments will degrade both spectral resolution and effective area. In this paper we present an analytical formulation of alignment tolerances that define grating orientations in all six degrees of freedom. We verify our analytical results with raytrace simulations to fully explore the alignment parameter space. We also investigate the effect of misalignments on diffraction efficiency.

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Developments of the off-plane x-ray grating spectrometer for IXO

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Grazing incidence telescopes for x-ray astronomy

Grazing incidence telescopes for x-ray astronomy

Alignment tolerances for off-plane reflection grating spectroscopy: theoretical calculations and laboratory techniques

Analytical alignment tolerances for off-plane reflection grating spectroscopy

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