Developments in the global hydrogen market: The spectrum of hydrogen colours

Newborough, M.; Cooley, Graham

doi:10.1016/s1464-2859(20)30546-0

Cited by 88 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…There appears to be no standard definition of the CO 2 capture rate that is required to shift the definition from grey to blue hydrogen. Most studies cite maximum capture rates in the range 70% to 95%, depending on the technology and the stages in which CO 2 capture is applied [9]. When considering blue hydrogen based on natural gas, it is important to remember the additional impact that is caused by methane leakage in the upstream phases.…”

Section: Blue Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen is currently enjoying a renewed and widespread momentum in many national and international climate strategies. This review paper is focused on analysing the challenges and opportunities that are related to green and blue hydrogen, which are at the basis of different perspectives of a potential hydrogen society. While many governments and private companies are putting significant resources on the development of hydrogen technologies, there still remains a high number of unsolved issues, including technical challenges, economic and geopolitical implications. The hydrogen supply chain includes a large number of steps, resulting in additional energy losses, and while much focus is put on hydrogen generation costs, its transport and storage should not be neglected. A low-carbon hydrogen economy offers promising opportunities not only to fight climate change, but also to enhance energy security and develop local industries in many countries. However, to face the huge challenges of a transition towards a zero-carbon energy system, all available technologies should be allowed to contribute based on measurable indicators, which require a strong international consensus based on transparent standards and targets.

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Section: Blue Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen generation technologies are increasingly being codified by referring to a scheme based on different colors [9,10]. The main colors that are being considered are the following:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

et al. 2020

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“…Hydrogen can be produced through various processes [1], most of today's hydrogen production comes from fossil fuel processing, namely Coal Gasification, Methane Steam Reforming and Petroleum fraction partial Oxidation. Hydrogen produced by these processes is classified as 'Grey' [2] due to the gaseous pollutant emissions [4] although it is important to note that if Carbon Capture and Storage technology were to be implemented, then the produced Hydrogen would be classified as 'Blue' [3]. 'Green' Hydrogen [2] can only come through a process that, in all aspects, is zero-emission, the most well known system that can produce it is an R.E.S.…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction takes place under very high pressure (typically between 1300-1800 psi). Hydrogen is produced by the catalytic shift reaction of CO [4] while any residual amount of Carbon Dioxide is absorbed via a basic solvent. This practice is responsible for producing 30% of the world's hydrogen production.…”

Section: Petroleum Fraction Partial Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Technology, a Short Overview

Charitos¹,

Makridis²

2021

Preprint

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The Residential and Industrial zones as is, rely heavily, if not exclusively, on Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon thermal machinery such as Spark Ignition-Compression Ignition engines, Gasoline-Diesel generators, Coal-Lignite gasifiers, residential diesel-powered heating systems, Pyrolysis units and so on, are commonly met all around the planet. Such technology practically oxidizes Hydrocarbons to produce either heat, steam or useful mechanical work depending on the application, though energy losses are not, by any means, insignificant. Advanced material processing is an industrial sector who’s energy demand is significant and it is important for the general public to come to terms with the fact that by implementing Hydrogen technology to power such plant while at the same time improving the energy equilibrium of houses(advanced materials), communities would be taking major steps towards Climate Change effects debilitation. The downside of Hydrocarbon thermochemical exploitation can be described by the limited resources-reserves and the gaseous pollutant emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, SOx). In recent years, the Industrial zone as a whole has began taking a turn towards Electrification without having established the necessary infrastructure to support such a transition. Indicatively, at current rate of production, dead Lithium-Ion batteries are projected to reach as high as 11,000 metric tons by 2030, yet there is no recycling scheme in place, not to mention the prospect of that number rising even more, given the recent e-mobility trend. As it pertains to Electrification, such powertrains-machinery require electricity and a battery. Electricity production is mainly achieved through Coal-Lignite gasification, Batteries require metals, among others, for manufacturing, meaning that up-on mining, local water resources are contaminated, another very important ‘aspect’ of Lithium(per say) mining is that child labor is often associated with such processes, a truly despicable act. All of the above paint a crystal-clear picture as to how ‘environmentally friendly’ reckless-rushed Electrification really is. Climate Change is up-on us and it’s effects on the planet are obvious, the most important of which is glacier melting due to rising of the global Temperature. The COVID-19 crisis is a sign of what could come from glacier melting could as ice contains potentially harmful-toxic to humans, biological entities that are sure to be introduced to the general public if we were to continue exploiting mineral resources. Purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of the technology around Hydrogen.

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“…In principle, the purity of hydrogen can be improved by using membrane or adsorption technologies [23,24]. Hydrogen produced via such a process was named blue hydrogen [25]. The attractiveness of this approach is also connected with low power inputs, compactness of the technological apparatus, and a low price for the hydrocarbon source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects of Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrocarbons

et al. 2021

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Owing to the high hydrogen content, hydrocarbons are considered as an alternative source for hydrogen energy purposes. Complete decomposition of hydrocarbons results in the formation of gaseous hydrogen and solid carbonaceous by-product. The process is complicated by the methane formation reaction when the released hydrogen interacts with the formed carbon deposits. The present study is focused on the effects of the reaction mixture composition. Variations in the inlet hydrogen and methane concentrations were found to influence the carbon product’s morphology and the hydrogen production efficiency. The catalyst containing NiO (82 wt%), CuO (13 wt%), and Al2O3 (5 wt%) was prepared via a mechanochemical activating procedure. Kinetics of the catalytic process of hydrocarbons decomposition was studied using a reactor equipped with McBain balances. The effects of the process parameters were explored in a tubular quartz reactor with chromatographic analysis of the outlet gaseous products. In the latter case, the catalyst was loaded piecemeal. The texture and morphology of the produced carbon deposits were investigated by nitrogen adsorption and electron microscopy techniques.

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Developments in the global hydrogen market: The spectrum of hydrogen colours

Cited by 88 publications

References 9 publications

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

The Role of Green and Blue Hydrogen in the Energy Transition—A Technological and Geopolitical Perspective

Hydrogen Technology, a Short Overview

Selected Aspects of Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrocarbons

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