Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2016-2017

Abstract

This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2015 and mid-2016. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of presented methodologies.

Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review

“…This constitutes a major hurdle to food safety especially in most LMICs, where there is frequent co‐occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in dietary staples and RTE ingredients (Abia et al., ; Oyedele et al., ; Sombie et al., ; Warth et al., ). Thus, high‐end chromatography–based techniques (for example, HPLC and the more sensitive LC/MS–MS) are applied to give a more precise result and accurately quantify the concentration levels of multiple mycotoxins in several foods (Berthiller et al., ; Malachova, Sulyok, Beltran, Berthiller, & Krska, ). The application of these high‐end techniques represents the gold standards for detection of multiple mycotoxins in food.…”

“…In addition, ELISA kits are only readily available for the detection of single mycotoxins (for example, aflatoxin B 1 , total aflatoxin, and ochratoxin A in foods). This constitutes a major hurdle to food safety especially in most LMICs, where there is frequent co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in dietary staples and RTE ingredients (Abia et al, 2017;Oyedele et al, 2017;Sombie et al, 2018;Warth et al, 2012 sensitive LC/MS-MS) are applied to give a more precise result and accurately quantify the concentration levels of multiple mycotoxins in several foods (Berthiller et al, 2018;Malachova, Sulyok, Beltran, Berthiller, & Krska, 2014). The application of these high-end techniques represents the gold standards for detection of multiple mycotoxins in food.…”

Multi-Mycotoxin Occurrence and Exposure Assessment Approach in Foodstuffs from Algeria

“…In order to quantify the concentration of these hazards in different commodities, reliable and accurate analytical methods that allow their unambiguous identification and accurate quantification at low concentration are needed. In this sense, liquid chromatography (LC) or ultra-high performance LC (UHPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have become the techniques of choice for the determination of multiple mycotoxins in food and feed [33][34][35]. In addition, alternative sample treatment methods, such as QuEChERS (acronym of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), are being increasingly applied to the analysis of mycotoxins, due to their feasibility, flexibility, versatility, low cost and rapidity [36].…”

Multiple mycotoxins analysis in animal feed with LC‐MS/MS: Comparison of extract dilution and immunoaffinity clean‐up

“…The well‐known toxicity of the compounds requires a wide range of actions against their presence in feed and food . The important factor is reliable, fit‐for‐purpose methods which allow surveillance of mycotoxin levels in different commodities .…”

“…The wellknown toxicity of the compounds requires a wide range of actions against their presence in feed and food [1]. The important factor is reliable, fit-for-purpose methods which allow surveillance of mycotoxin levels in different commodities [2]. Article Related Abbreviations: AFB 1 , aflatoxin B 1 ; AFLB1-IS, aflatoxin B1 13 C 17 ; DON, deoxynivalenol; FB 1 , fumonisin B 1 ; FB1-IS, fumonisin B1 13 C 34 ; FB 2 , fumonisin B 2 ; HT-2, HT-2 toxin; HT-2-IS, toxin HT-2 13 C 22 ; IAC, immunoaffinity chromatography; MIX8 VL, working standard solution for analytes; MIX8 VL IS, working standard solution for internal standards; OTA, ochratoxin A; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; T-2, T-2 toxins; T-2-IS, toxin T-2 13 For many years, liquid chromatography with fluorescence or UV detection were the "gold standard" in mycotoxin control.…”