Developments in aqueous polyurethane and polyurethane-acrylic dispersion technology. Part II. Polyurethane-acrylic dispersions and modification of polyurethane and polyurethane-acrylic dispersions

Abstract

Part I of the review that concerns the developments in aqueous polyurethane dispersions (APUD) and aqueous polyurethane-acrylic dispersions (APUAD) technology was recently published. In the present paper (constituting Part II of the review) synthesis and characterization of aqueous polyurethane-acrylic dispersions (APUAD) which have hybrid particle structure and produce films and coatings exhibiting much better properties than those produced from blends of APUD and acrylic polymer dispersions are reviewed based on recent literature data. Possibilities of crosslinking the films and coatings produced from APUD and APUAD and of obtaining filled composites, specifically nanocomposites, from those dispersions are also demonstrated, and currently reported applications of those dispersions are briefly summarized. The most important developments and areas where further research may still be required are suggested with regard to synthesis and characterization of APUAD as well as to crosslinked and filled systems involving APUD or APUAD.

Structures, properties and applications of the polyurethane ionomers

“…Bonding of PU and PA chains can be achieved by extending the PUI prepolymer by HEMA. If unsaturated moieties are introduced in the structure of PUI, it can be crosslinked either by UV or through oxidative drying (selfcross-linking), which leads to improved mechanical strength and chemical resistance of films or coatings produced from such dispersions [57]. Multicomponent polymer dispersions made from PUI can be applied as adhesives, coatings and components of water-soluble varnishes [28].…”

Polyurethane/Acrylic Hybrid Waterborne Dispersions: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

“…Today, PUDs are used in a wide variety of applications, including insulating materials, adhesives, elastomers and perhaps most notably coatings. What highlights them among alternative waterborne polymer dispersions is their superior physical properties such as toughness and flexibility. − However, although PUDs have successfully been developed into practical systems, their high raw material costs and low water and alkali resistance are a drawback for some applications. ,, Therefore, to optimize the cost/performance ratio, PUDs are often used in hybrid dispersed systems with polyesters, alkyds and acrylics, , of which the combination of PU/acrylic is the most common. − In these hybrid dispersions, the acrylic component provides the outdoor and alkali resistance, as well as good pigment compatibility and low cost, while the PU enhances the toughness, flexibility and film forming performance. ,, In order to ensure that such hybrid materials offer a true synergy between the PU and acrylic components, control of the polymer microstructure is of great importance …”

“…The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art study covering, on the one hand, the various synthetic pathways toward PU/acrylic waterborne dispersions, and on the other, their structure–property relationships. Although there exists some previous reviews in this area, , the link between synthesis, structure and properties, which is crucial for industrial applications, has not been well documented. After an explanation of the chemistry of both constituents, the various techniques for preparing of PU/acrylic hybrids are presented.…”

“…20,27,28 In order to ensure that such hybrid materials offer a true synergy between the PU and acrylic components, control of the polymer microstructure is of great importance. 29 The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive stateof-the-art study covering, on the one hand, the various synthetic pathways toward PU/acrylic waterborne dispersions, and on the other, their structure−property relationships. Although there exists some previous reviews in this area, 27 the link between synthesis, structure and properties, which is crucial for industrial applications, has not been well documented.…”

Treated Textile Electrostatic Properties Study

“…Such compounds as ethoxylated compounds, sulphoacids and alcylaryl sulphonates, polyatomic alcohols and their derivatives, polyethylene glycole derivatives, nitrogene-based compounds can be used as anti-electrostatic treatments [17]. These compounds are surface active substances.…”