Abstract:Ni, Fe, and Cu foams to form robust binder-free electrodes for high-performance electrocatalytic reactions. [55][56][57][58][59] Interestingly, multidimensional electrocatalysts grown at the nanoscale on a range of current collectors, namely substrates and will benefit from a strong adhesion with the current collector to avoid catalyst delamination, limited active sites, and charge transfer blockage to enhance catalytic reactions (Figure 1b-d). [9,[60][61][62][63][64]
Key Prospects, Insights, and the Dynamic … Show more
“…Furthermore, building a binder-free electrode for N-cycle catalysis would be a good option. Binder-free electrodes (for example, nanoarray, membrane, and self-standing films) have two advantages over traditional powder electrodes [129]. (i) The rich structural voids between neighboring nanostructures and the large surface area of the binder-free architecture allow for well-exposed active sites and a sufficient surface-electrolyte contact.…”
Section: Electrochemical N 2 H Oxidationmentioning
To restore the natural nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), artificial N-cycle electrocatalysis with flexibility, sustainability, and compatibility can convert intermittent renewable energy (e.g., wind) to harmful or value-added chemicals with minimal carbon emissions. The background of such N-cycles, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction, is briefly introduced here. The discussion of emerging nanostructures in various conversion reactions is focused on the architecture/compositional design, electrochemical performances, reaction mechanisms, and instructive tests. Energy device advancements for achieving more functions as well as in situ/operando characterizations toward understanding key steps are also highlighted. Furthermore, some recently proposed reactions as well as less discussed C-N coupling reactions are also summarized. We classify inorganic nitrogen sources that convert to each other under an applied voltage into three types, namely, abundant nitrogen, toxic nitrate (nitrite), and nitrogen oxides, and useful compounds such as ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, with the goal of providing more critical insights into strategies to facilitate the development of our circular nitrogen economy.
“…Furthermore, building a binder-free electrode for N-cycle catalysis would be a good option. Binder-free electrodes (for example, nanoarray, membrane, and self-standing films) have two advantages over traditional powder electrodes [129]. (i) The rich structural voids between neighboring nanostructures and the large surface area of the binder-free architecture allow for well-exposed active sites and a sufficient surface-electrolyte contact.…”
Section: Electrochemical N 2 H Oxidationmentioning
To restore the natural nitrogen cycle (N-cycle), artificial N-cycle electrocatalysis with flexibility, sustainability, and compatibility can convert intermittent renewable energy (e.g., wind) to harmful or value-added chemicals with minimal carbon emissions. The background of such N-cycles, such as nitrogen fixation, ammonia oxidation, and nitrate reduction, is briefly introduced here. The discussion of emerging nanostructures in various conversion reactions is focused on the architecture/compositional design, electrochemical performances, reaction mechanisms, and instructive tests. Energy device advancements for achieving more functions as well as in situ/operando characterizations toward understanding key steps are also highlighted. Furthermore, some recently proposed reactions as well as less discussed C-N coupling reactions are also summarized. We classify inorganic nitrogen sources that convert to each other under an applied voltage into three types, namely, abundant nitrogen, toxic nitrate (nitrite), and nitrogen oxides, and useful compounds such as ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine, with the goal of providing more critical insights into strategies to facilitate the development of our circular nitrogen economy.
“…To date, there have been some reviews on MOF-derived electrocatalysts 2,5,8,9,[13][14][15][16][17][18] and self-supported nanoarray electrocatalysts. 11,12,[19][20][21] However, none of them have specially focused on MOF-derived nanoarrays for electrocatalytic water splitting processes. With the advancement of various nanotechnologies and applications, remarkable progress in this field has been made in recent years.…”
Developing efficient, nanostructured electrocatalysts with desired compositions and structures is of great significance for improving the efficiency of water splitting toward hydrogen production. In this regard, metal organic framework (MOF)...
“…Electrocatalytic or photocatalytic water splitting (OER, HER) is an important pathway toward clean hydrogen production. [255][256][257][258] HER is the reaction at the cathode to produce H 2 ; OER is the reaction at the anode to produce O 2 . One of the critical barriers is the sluggish reaction kinetics of OER and HER leading to high overpotentials.…”
Section: Water Splitting Reactions (Oer Her)mentioning
The advancement of clean energy and environment depends strongly on the development of efficient catalysts in a wide range of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, which has benefited from transmission electron microscopic techniques in determining the atomic‐scale morphologies and structures. However, it is the morphology and structure under the catalytic reaction conditions that determine the performance of the catalyst, which has captured a surge of interest in developing and applying in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques in heterogeneous catalysis. The major theme of this review is to highlight some of the most recent insights into heterogeneous catalysts under the relevant reaction conditions using in situ/operando transmission electron microscopic techniques. Rather than a comprehensive overview of the basic principles of in situ/operando techniques, this review focuses on the insights into the atomic‐scale/nanoscale details of various catalysts ranging from single‐component to multicomponent catalysts under heterogeneous catalytic, electrocatalytic, and photocatalytic reaction conditions involving both gas–solid and liquid–solid interfaces. This focus is coupled with discussions of the correlation of the atomic, molecular, and nanoscale morphology, composition, and structure with the catalytic properties under the reaction conditions, shining light on the challenges and opportunities in design of nanostructured catalysts for clean and sustainable energy applications.
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