Developments and future prospects of reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation: Influence of ion exchange membranes and electrodes

Jang, Jaewon; Kang, Young Hun; Han, Ji-Hyung; Jang, Kyunghoon; Kim, In Soo

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114540

Cited by 90 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 138 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the cost of the relatively expensive ion exchange membrane should be considered when designing large-scale systems. The reverse use of ED allows electricity to be produced from two solutions with different chemical potentials through reverse electrodialysis (RED) [ 94 , 95 ]. The working principle of RED is similar to that of the desalination battery using CDI or BDI; electricity is produced with an electrode with (or without) an ion-exchange membrane in between [ 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past few decades, membrane-based processes have become mainstream in water desalination because of their relatively high water flux, salt rejection, and reasonable operating cost over thermal-based desalination processes. The energy consumption of the membrane process has been continuously lowered (from >10 kWh m−3 to ~3 kWh m−3) over the past decades but remains higher than the theoretical minimum value (~0.8 kWh m−3) for seawater desalination. Thus, the high energy consumption of membrane processes has led to the development of alternative processes, such as the electrochemical, that use relatively less energy. Decades of research have revealed that the low energy consumption of the electrochemical process is closely coupled with a relatively low extent of desalination. Recent studies indicate that electrochemical process must overcome efficiency rather than energy consumption hurdles. This short perspective aims to provide platforms to compare the energy efficiency of the representative membrane and electrochemical processes based on the working principle of each process. Future water desalination methods and the potential role of nanotechnology as an efficient tool to overcome current limitations are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Electrochemical Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the recovery of cerium from industrial solutions, adsorption processes using various materials, such as polymers, activated carbons, or biological materials, have recently sparked increased interest [12][13][14][15]. A common method for cerium ions sorption from solutions can be the use of commercially available and inexpensive ion exchangers: for example, KU-2-8 and AV-17-8 [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Dynamics in Cerium Nitrate Solution Regulated by Remotely Activated Industrial Ion Exchangers

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many technological solutions contain valuable components as waste and can become an additional source of rare-earth elements to meet the needs of modern production. The development of technologies based on commercially available and cheap sorbents reveals the possibility for rare earth recovery from various solutions. This paper provides research on using a combination of KU-2-8 and AV-17-8 ion exchangers in different molar ratios for cerium ions sorption from its nitrate solution. The mutual activation of the ion exchangers in an aqueous medium provides their transformation into a highly ionized state by the conformational and electrochemical changes in properties during their remote interaction. The ion exchange dynamics of solutions were studied by the methods of electrical conductivity, pH measurements, and atomic emission analysis of the solutions. The research showed that the maximum activation of polymers was revealed within the molar ratio of KU-2-8:AV-17-8 equal to 3:3. In more detail, in comparison to AV-17-8, this interpolymer system showed an increase in the sorption degree by more than 1.5 times after 6 h of interaction. Moreover, compared with KU-2-8, the same interpolymer system showed an increase in the degree of cerium ions sorption by seven times after 24 h of interaction. As a result, the total cerium ions sorption degree after 48 h of sorption by individual KU-2-8 and AV-17-8 was 38% and 44%, respectively, whereas the cerium ions sorption degree by the same interpolymer system in the molar ratio 3:3 became 51%. An increase in the sorption degree of cerium ions by the interpolymer system in comparison with individual ion exchangers can be explained by the achievement of a high ionization degree of ion exchangers being activated in the interpolymer system by the remote interaction effect.

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4] In recent years, salinity gradient energy generated from the difference in salt concentration between seawater and river water has been attracting attention as a new renewable energy. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] One of the advantages of the salinity gradient energy is that it does not depend on the weather, especially compared to solar energy and wind energy. 4,8,9 Therefore, it is expected that the salinity gradient can provide stable renewable energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in the Power Output of a Reverse Electrodialysis System by the Addition of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salinity gradient energy generated by the contact between seawater and river water is one of the promising renewable energies. In the reverse electrodialysis (RED), salinity gradient energy is directly translated into the electricity. The representative problem is a large electrical resistance of river water or dilute solutions. The dilute solutions are poor electrically conductive. This results in a huge energy loss when an electrical current passes through it.In this study, sodium chloride (NaCl) or poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was added to the dilute solutions to increase the conductivities and enhance the power outputs of the RED cells. When NaCl was added, the power output reached 11.4 ± 0.6 μW. On the other hand, when NaPSS was added, the power output increased up to 19.6 ± 0.6 μW.

show abstract

Developments and future prospects of reverse electrodialysis for salinity gradient power generation: Influence of ion exchange membranes and electrodes

Cited by 90 publications

References 138 publications

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

Membrane and Electrochemical Processes for Water Desalination: A Short Perspective and the Role of Nanotechnology

Ion Exchange Dynamics in Cerium Nitrate Solution Regulated by Remotely Activated Industrial Ion Exchangers

Improvement in the Power Output of a Reverse Electrodialysis System by the Addition of Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About