Developmentally regulated alternative splicing of Drosophila integrin PS2 α transcripts

Brown, Nicholas H.; King, Dennis L.; Wilcox, Michael; Kafatos, Fotis C.

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90880-5

Cited by 127 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The distribution of ARS elements was examined with reference to the three transcription units that had been precisely mapped by other authors (9,17,31) within the 800-kb DNA continuum. They are the paralysis (para), rudimentary (r), and PS 2 a genes located, respectively, at 235 to 260, 410 to 425, and 510 to 540 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of an 800-kilobase DNA stretch of the Drosophila X chromosome: comapping of a subclass of scaffold-attached regions with sequences able to replicate autonomously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Brun¹,

Dang²,

Miassod³

1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We have previously mapped scaffold-attached regions (SARs) on an 800-kilobase DNA walk from the Drosophila X chromosome. We have also previously shown that the strength of binding, i.e., the ability of SARs to bind to all nuclear scaffolds or only to a fraction of them varied from one SAR to another one. In the present study, 71 of the 85 subfragments that bind scaffolds and 38 fragments that do not bind scaffolds were tested for their ability to promote autonomous replicating sequence (ARS) activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sixteen SAR-containing fragments from the chromosome walk were also examined for association to yeast nuclear scaffolds in vitro. All identified ARSs (a total of 27) were present on SAR-containing fragments, except two, which were adjacent to SARs. There is thus a correlation between ARS and SAR activities, and this correlation defines a SAR subclass. Moreover, the presence of an ARS on a DNA fragment appeared to be highly correlated with the strength of binding. The binding activity was highly conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to yeast. These data suggest that Drosophila DNA sequences responsible for binding to components of the nuclear scaffold from either D. melanogaster or yeast may be involved in the process of heterologous extrachromosomal replication in yeasts.Electron microscopic and sedimentation analyses of histone-depleted chromosomes and nuclei (5, 14, 40, 52) support the hypothesis that eucaryotic DNA is organized as individual loops constrained at their bases by interaction of DNA with nonhistone proteins. Laemmli and co-workers (37) have proposed an extraction procedure in which lithium 3'-5'-diiodosalicylate (LIS) is used to isolate specific DNA fragments which presumably form the bases of the loops. This technique has been applied to various parts of the

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of an 800-kilobase DNA stretch of the Drosophila X chromosome: comapping of a subclass of scaffold-attached regions with sequences able to replicate autonomously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Brun¹,

Dang²,

Miassod³

1990

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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“…A single copy was sufficient to rescue two weaker m u t a t i o n s (not shown). (Huhmark et al 1986) and is preceded by a noncoded G. This initial nucleotide is thought to be the result of reverse transcription of the mRNA cap during eDNA production (Brown et al 1989;Ketchum et al 1990;Karess et al 1991). A fourth eDNA had an incomplete 5' end.…”

Section: Transformation Rescue Of Nullo M U T a N T S Using The 45-kmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Drosophila cellularization gene nullo produces a blastoderm-specific transcript whose levels respond to the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

Rose¹,

Wieschaus²

1992

Genes Dev.

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The initial development of the Drosophila embryo is characterized by rapid nuclear mitosis without cytokinesis. After 13 such mitoses, a coordinated cell division process called cellularization occurs, during which membranes simultaneously enclose each nucleus in a cell. Cellularization requires the establishment of a hexagonal network of actin and myosin filaments in the cortex of the embryo; the filaments are located on the cytoplasmic face of the invaginating membrane furrows. Zygotic expression of the nullo gene is essential for the maintenance of an intact actin-myosin network. We have cloned the nullo gene and present its sequence as well as a characterization of nullo transcript levels in wild-type and mutant embryos. The nullo gene encodes a predicted protein of 213 amino acids, a large proportion of which is basic, hullo transcripts are first detectable at nuclear cell cycle 11, peak in accumulation at the end of cycle 13, and disappear rapidly as cellularization begins. The gene does not appear to be expressed at any other time in the life of the organism. The normal accumulation of nullo transcripts does not require gene activity of other zygotic cellularization genes. The regulation of hullo RNA levels during cycle 14, however, is coupled to the nucleocytoplasmic ratio, which also controls the cessation of rapid, synchronous mitosis just before cellularization.

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“…In addition, the activity of intervein genes, which are required for intersurface adhesion, such as those coding for the integrins, must be excluded from veins to permit the nonadherent strips of cells in the veins to form open channels between the two wing surfaces (Brown, 2000). Interestingly, some combinations of integrin mutants have been found to generate ectopic veins; however, the mechanisms that underlie this phenotype are not understood (Brower and Jaffe, 1989;Brown et al, 1989;Zusman et al, 1993;Zusman et al, 1990). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional integrin molecules are composed of one β-subunit combined with one of the α-subunits, and consist of a large extracellular domain and a small cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in any of these integrin genes cause blisters in the adult wing, a phenotype characteristic of a lack of apposition between the wing surfaces (Brower et al, 1995b;Brown et al, 1989;Wilcox et al, 1989;Zusman et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrins modulate Sog activity in theDrosophilawing

2003

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Morphogenesis of the Drosophila wing depends on a series of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. During pupal wing development, two secreted proteins, encoded by the short gastrulation (sog) and decapentaplegic (dpp) genes, vie to position wing veins in the center of broad provein territories. Expression of the Bmp4 homolog dpp in vein cells is counteracted by expression of the Bmp antagonist sog in intervein cells, which results in the formation of straight veins of precise width. We screened for genetic interactions between sog and genes encoding a variety of extracellular components and uncovered interactions between sog and myospheroid (mys), multiple edematous wing (mew) and scab (scb), which encode βPS, αPS1 and αPS3 integrin subunits, respectively. Clonal analysis reveals that integrin mutations affect the trajectory of veins inside the provein domain and/or their width and that misexpression of sog can alter the behavior of cells in such clones. In addition, we show that a low molecular weight form of Sog protein binds to αPS1βPS. We find that Sog can diffuse from its intervein site of production into adjacent provein domains, but only on the dorsal surface of the wing, where Sog interacts functionally with integrins. Finally, we show that Sog diffusion into provein regions and the reticular pattern of extracellular Sog distribution in wild-type wings requires mys and mew function. We propose that integrins act by binding and possibly regulating the activity/availability of different forms of Sog during pupal development through an adhesion independent mechanism.

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Developmentally regulated alternative splicing of Drosophila integrin PS2 α transcripts

Cited by 127 publications

References 42 publications

Studies of an 800-kilobase DNA stretch of the Drosophila X chromosome: comapping of a subclass of scaffold-attached regions with sequences able to replicate autonomously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Studies of an 800-kilobase DNA stretch of the Drosophila X chromosome: comapping of a subclass of scaffold-attached regions with sequences able to replicate autonomously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Drosophila cellularization gene nullo produces a blastoderm-specific transcript whose levels respond to the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.

Integrins modulate Sog activity in theDrosophilawing

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