Developmental windows of differential lead-induced immunotoxicity in chickens

Lee, Jieun; Chen, Suping; Golemboski, Karen A.; Parsons, Patrick J.; Dietert, Rodney R.

doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00350-4

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In utero lead-exposed rats exhibited decreased DTH response and interferon-c (IFN-c) production. More recently, the possible existence of developmental windows of differential vulnerability to lead-induced immunotoxicity was supported by a study from our laboratory (Lee et al 2001). Early in ovo exposure versus late in ovo exposure resulted in different immunotoxic outcomes in young animals in terms of DTH response and macrophage production of nitric oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Previous studies have shown that lead can increase susceptibility to infectious agents (Selye et al 1966;Hemphil et al 1971;Cook et al 1975;Gainer 1974Gainer , 1977Exon et al 1979;Lawrence 1981;Kowolenko et al 1991;Youssef et al 1996), as well as incidence and/or growth of tumors (Gainer 1973;Kobayashi and Okamoto 1974;Kerkvliet and Baecher-Steppan 1982). Lead appears to impair helper T lymphocyte function and regulatory processes leading to aberrant cell-mediated immunity and/or humoral immunity (McCabe and Lawrence 1991;Heo et al 1996Heo et al , 1998Miller et al 1998;Chen et al 1999; Lee et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Embryonic exposure to lead: comparison of immune and cellular responses in unchallenged and virally stressed chickens

et al. 2001

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Lead, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has been shown to modulate various functions of the immune system and decrease host resistance to infectious disease. However, limited information is available concerning the direct effects of lead on the host immune response to an infectious agent after developmental exposure. The current study utilized chickens to examine the effect of embryonic lead exposure on immune and cellular responses during viral challenge. Sublethal doses of lead were introduced into fertilized Cornell K Strain White Leghorn chicken eggs via the air sac at day 5 or day 12 of embryonic development (designated as E5 and E12, respectively). Four-week-old female chickens were inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain M41. Antibody titer to IBV, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against bovine serum albumin (BSA), the absolute number and percentage of leukocyte subpopulations, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-like cytokine production by splenocytes were evaluated at 5-6 weeks of age. While antibody response to IBV in juvenile chicks was unaffected by the in ovo lead exposure, IFN-gamma-like cytokine production by splenocytes was significantly depressed following lead exposure at both developmental stages. In contrast with this pattern, the DTH response against BSA was unaffected following E5 exposure, but was significantly decreased after E12 exposure to lead. These changes were similar to those previously reported in chickens not exposed to IBV. While lead exposure at E5 induced significant changes in the percentage of circulating heterophils at 1 day postinfection (dpi), lead did not cause any change in relative leukocyte counts after E12 exposure. At 7 dpi, E5 lead exposure resulted in decreased absolute number and percentage of circulating lymphocytes, while total leukocyte counts, and the absolute number and percentage of circulating monocytes and heterophils were significantly reduced in E12 lead-exposed chickens. These results suggest that low-level exposure to lead has a direct effect on the developing chicken immune system, which is evident even during a postnatal infection. Furthermore, some of the changes were observed only when chicks were stressed by the viral infection. It appears that lead exposure during different stages of embryonic development is likely to result in different immunotoxic outcomes in juveniles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Embryonic exposure to lead: comparison of immune and cellular responses in unchallenged and virally stressed chickens

et al. 2001

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“…However, rats exposed to lead during the first half of embryonic development show persistent changes only in macrophage function, whereas exposure later in development results in both macrophage and T-dependent functional deficiencies (Bunn et al 2001). Chickens exposed to lead at early stages of embryonic development produce lower levels of inflammatory mediators with no effects on T-cell function, but exposure during the latter stages of incubation significantly suppresses T-cell function (Lee et al 2001). The consensus from the work group regarding these studies was that determining specific windows of vulnerability for individual agents would be beneficial for studying mechanisms of action but would have limited value for hazard identification, and any study design tailored for hazard identification should consider a more global approach.…”

Section: Development Of the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity.

Luster

Dean

Germolec

2003

Environ Health Perspect

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A workshop cosponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health was convened in Washington, DC, on 17-18 October 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus document on the most appropriate experimental approaches and assays available to assess developmental immunotoxicity. The work group was composed of scientists from academia, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and federal agencies with expertise in developmental immunology, developmental toxicology, immunotoxicology, and risk evaluation. This consensus document presents an overview of the major summations made by the work group. A summary of early work in the field is provided, which includes potential immunotoxic agents, followed by brief discussions of our current understanding of developmental immunology. This report concludes with the work group's consensus of the most appropriate experimental design and tests to screen for potential developmental immunotoxic agents in experimental models, including potential limitations and data gaps.

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“…However, changes are not restricted to T cell function, and some, like the pesticide chlordane, target other immune cell lineages (Theus et al, 1992;Blyler et al, 1994). Even in the case of the heavy metal lead, most notably known as a T cell toxin, early fetal exposure seems directed more against macrophages than against T cells (Bunn et al, 2001a;Lee et al, 2001). Therefore, for some chemicals, it may be useful to specify the primary immune target of toxic exposure in the context of developmental life stages.…”

Section: Consequences Of Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Developmental windows of differential lead-induced immunotoxicity in chickens

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Embryonic exposure to lead: comparison of immune and cellular responses in unchallenged and virally stressed chickens

Embryonic exposure to lead: comparison of immune and cellular responses in unchallenged and virally stressed chickens

Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity.

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

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