Developmental Trajectories of Attention in Normal Korean Population

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Kim

et al. 2019

This study was conducted to re-validate the clinical efficacy of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Rating Scale (K-AARS), which is a self-report scale for ADHD in adults, and to determine the clinical utility and cutoff scores of K-AARS. Methods: The participants were 135 drug naïve adults with ADHD and 144 healthy controls. To diagnose ADHD based on the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, two board-certified pediatric psychiatrists interviewed the participants and completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. K-AARS was applied to all participants. K-AARS comprises six clinical subscales, one impairment subscale, and one driving behavior subscale. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to calculate the cutoff scores of K-AARS. Results: All subscale scores, including six clinical subscale, impairment subscale, and driving behavior subscale scores, were found to be significant in distinguishing adults with ADHD from healthy controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the six clinical subscales were 63.0-77.0% and 66.7-79.9%, respectively. The combined total score of the six clinical subscales, had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 79.9%. Conclusion: The discriminative power of K-AARS for the diagnosis of ADHD in adults was excellent, and K-AARS and the empirical diagnosis of adults can be useful in diagnosing ADHD in adulthood.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Utility and Cut-Off Scores of the Korean Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale

Hong

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Kim

et al. 2019

“…We conducted the CAT, a computer-based test standardized in Korea, to evaluate cognitive function [25]. Participants conducted two types of tests measuring different attention abilities: the inhibition-sustained attention test (ISAT) and the divided-attention test (DAT).…”

Section: Catmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway, Sleep Disturbance, and Cognition in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

et al. 2021

Chronobiol Med

Sleep occupies about a third of our lives and is essential for health and well-being [1]. Sleep disturbance adversely affects physiological, psychological, and cognitive functions. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep related breathing disorder characterized by intermittent upper-airway collapse during sleep that affects about 10%-20% of middle-and older-aged adults [2][3][4]. OSA makes it difficult to fall or stay asleep, resulting in poor sleep quality and sleep fragmentation [5], possibly pro-

“…Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT) [160] Neuropsychological test Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [161][162][163][164] cases [174]. Affective lability and irritability in ADHD overlap with bipolar disorders and, more importantly, symptoms of ADHD are often erroneously regarded to be a part of bipolar disorders.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis and Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Bahn

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

Yoo

et al. 2020

Self Cite

Objectives: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an important mental health problem that needs resolution, especially considering the high rates of ADHD continuation from childhood to adolescence/adulthood and the high prevalence of ADHD in adults. Adults with ADHD have lifelong negative impacts and require close monitoring with long-term follow-up. Hence, the establishment of a Korean practice parameter for adult ADHD is necessary to minimize discontinuation of treatment and enable information sharing among Korean mental health professionals. Methods: The Korean practice parameter was developed using an evidence-based approach consisting of expert consensus survey coupled with literature review. Letter-Number Sequencing. Although pharmacotherapy is recommended as the first-line of treatment for adult ADHD, we recommend that it be followed by a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach including psychoeducation, pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavior therapy and coaching. Conclusion: The Korean practice parameter introduces not only general information for the diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD on a global scale, but also the process of diagnosis and treatment options tailored to the Korean population.The etiology of ADHD is complex and includes both genetic and environmental factors. However, several studies suggest that the causes of ADHD are largely genetic and the disorder has high heritability [7]. Genetic factorsSeveral studies have shown that ADHD has a strong genetic influence and is inherited across generations [8][9][10][11]. Extensive reports from twin and adoption studies have consistently shown high heritability of approximately 75% for childhood ADHD [12], countering the initial estimates of 30-50% [13-15]. These differences might be due to rater effects, which when controlled for, reduced the incompatibility between childhood and adult ADHD [16].