Developmental toxicity of brominated flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol A and 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane, in rat offspring after maternal exposure from mid-gestation through lactation

Saegusa, Yukie; Fujimoto, Hitoshi; Woo, Gye‐Hyeong; Inoue, Kaoru; Takahashi, Miwa; Mitsumori, Kunitoshi; Hirose, Masao; Nishikawa, Akiyoshi; Shibutani, Makoto

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.06.011

Cited by 109 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Consistent with the results of other published rodent studies (Kang et al, 2009;Saegusa et al, 2009;Tada et al, 2006;Van der Ven et al, 2008), TBBPA was not nephrotoxic at oral exposures of up to 1000 mg/kg BW/day in the current rat prenatal development and multigenerational studies. Notably, this is not consistent with the findings of Fukuda et al (2004) that demonstrated persistent TBBPA-induced nephrotoxicity in rats dosed at 200 or 600 mg/ kg BW/day between days 4 and 21 of life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A reproductive, developmental and neurobehavioral study following oral exposure of tetrabromobisphenol A on Sprague-Dawley rats

2015

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The objectives of these GLP US EPA OPPTS 970.3800 and 970.3700 studies were to examine the effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) at oral doses of 10, 100 or 1000 mg/kg BW/day over the course of 2 generations on growth as well as behavioral, neurological and neuropathologic functions in offspring. In a separate study the influence of oral TBBPA (0, 100, 300 or 1000 mg/kg BW/d) was examined on embryonic/fetal development from gestation days (GDs) 0-19. In the reproductive study, exposure to ≥ 100-mg/kg BW/d TBBPA resulted in a decrease in circulating, peripheral thyroxine (T4) levels in rats that were not accompanied by any marked alterations in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). These findings are explainable on the basis of induction of rat liver catabolism, a phenomenon that may be species-specific and not relevant for humans. TBBPA at up to 1000 mg/kg BW/d was not associated with any significant non-neurological effects on reproduction, growth and development. A subtle reduction, of unknown biological relevance, in the thickness of the parietal cortices of 11-day-old F2 pups in the 1000 mg/kg BW/d group was noted. This change was not accompanied by evidence of micro-anatomic changes. No estrogenic effects sufficient to affect macro and micro anatomy, fertility, reproduction, development, survival or behavior were detected in the embryofetal development study or in the multigenerational study. No other TBBPA-related effects on developmental neurotoxicity/neuropathology were detected. In the developmental study no TBBPA related change in mortality rate was observed in any of the dams. No other significant test article-related effects were noted. The no observed effect level (NOEL) for maternal and developmental toxicity was 1000 mg/kg BW/d, the highest dose evaluated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A reproductive, developmental and neurobehavioral study following oral exposure of tetrabromobisphenol A on Sprague-Dawley rats

2015

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“…Cowpea and fish samples have the highest number of alkane in all the market sampled, although studies have investigated alkane in the environment [18;19], dust [20], human serum [21], human milk [22], and animal tissues [23,24], few have examined alkane contamination of food. Toxicity studies suggest that the alkane is an endocrine disruptor and developmental neurotoxicant; specifically, some alkane compound have been associated with changes in rat thyroid systems [25,26], altered function of human natural killer cells [27;28], and neurotoxic effects such as decreased fine manipulative abilities and lower attention in children [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Selected Food Products for Pesticide Residue in Major Markets of Oyo State, Nigeria

Adesina

Babarinde

Olaniran

2015

ILCPA

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ABSTRACT.A study was carried out on the assessment of selected food produce for pesticide residue in Oyo State. With the aid of multi stage sampling technique, 8 selected markets were surveyed in the major constituencies of Oyo State which included Oje and Bodija Market in Ibadan, Arada and Sabo Markets in Ogbomoso, Ajegunle and Araromi Market in Oyo, Owode and Sango Markets in Igboho and Saki respectively in Oke-Ogun. Information on type of pesticide use, reason for choosing the pesticide, method of applying the pesticide and duration of post application storage, were collected. Food produce sampled were yam chips, cowpea, maize and smoked fish for residual analysis. The residual analysis includes extraction of samples, cleaning of extraction and screening of the pesticide using GC-MS to detect any chemical metabolites.The survey reveals that majority (87.5%) of respondents were involved in selling of maize, yam chips and cowpea and the most used pesticide in the market was Aluminium phosphide marketed as phostoxin. Many of respondents applied pesticide by fumigation and the choice of these pesticides was base on customary practices. These food produce are stored for less than a month before being disposed of to consumers. Result from residual analysis shows sample from all the markets contains high percentage of alkane compounds especially the heptadecanes, eicosane, hexadecane and octadecane. Organochlorines were also found in the samples at high percentage.Banned pesticides are still in use in the visited markets and the use of banned pesticide should be prohibited and extension scheme on the use of pesticide on stored produce should be sponsored by government. This will help educate pesticide users on the use of pesticides and its health implications. Consumers are also implored to wash their food very well before consumption so as to remove pesticides that may be present on the seed coat or surface of food produce.

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“…In rat offspring from dams that were exposed from GD10 until PND10 effects on oligodendroglial development were observed at the highest dose (10,000 mg/kg feed equivalent to about 800-2,200 mg/kg b.w.) (Saegusa et al, 2009). …”

Section: Consideration Of Critical Effects and Possibilities For Derimentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in Food

Alexander¹,

Benford²,

Boobis³

et al. 2011

EFS2

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs are additive flame retardants primarily used in expanded and extruded polystyrene applied as construction and packing materials, and in textiles. Technical HBCDD predominantly consists of three stereoisomers (α-, β-and γ-HBCDD). Also δ-and ε-HBCDD may be present but at very low concentrations. HBCDDs are present in the environment and likewise in biota and in food and feed. Data from the analysis of HBCDDs in 1,914 food samples were provided to EFSA by seven European countries, covering the period from 2000 to 2010. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) selected α-, β-and γ-HBCDD to be of primary interest. Since all toxicity studies were carried out with technical HBCDD, a risk assessment of individual stereoisomers was not possible. Main targets were the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive, nervous and immune systems. HBCDDs are not genotoxic. The CONTAM Panel identified neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour as the critical endpoint, and derived a benchmark dose lower confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10 % (BMDL 10 ) of 0.79 mg/kg body weight. Due to the limitations and uncertainties in the current data base, the CONTAM Panel concluded that it was inappropriate to use this BMDL to establish a health based guidance value, and instead used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the health risk assessment of HBCDDs. Since elimination characteristics of HBCDDs in animals and humans differ, the Panel used the body burden as starting point for the MOE approach. The CONTAM Panel concluded that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs in the European Union does not raise a health concern. Also additional exposure, particularly of young children, to HBCDDs from house dust is unlikely to raise a health concern. 4 The term "intra-individual" has been replaced by "individual" in the Summary and in Chapter 9.1. HBCDDs in FoodEFSA Journal 2011;9(7):2296 2 KEY WORDSHexabromocyclododecanes, HBCDDs, occurrence, food, toxicology, human exposure, risk assessment SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs are stereoisomers of 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane. Technical HBCDD predominantly consists of three stereoisomers (α-, β-and γ-HBCDD) present in relative amounts of 9-13 % α-HBCDD, <0.5-12 % β-HBCDD and 72-90 % γ-HBCDD. Also δ-and ε-HBCDD may be present in the technical product, although at very low concentrations. The HBCDD stereoisomers occur as enantiomer pairs.HBCDDs constitute an important and widely used group of additive flame retardants primarily used in expanded and extruded polystyrene applied as construction and packing materials, and also used in textiles. Concentrations in products are usually in the range between 0.7 % and 3.0 % by weight. As they are mixed into po...

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Developmental toxicity of brominated flame retardants, tetrabromobisphenol A and 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane, in rat offspring after maternal exposure from mid-gestation through lactation

Cited by 109 publications

References 37 publications

A reproductive, developmental and neurobehavioral study following oral exposure of tetrabromobisphenol A on Sprague-Dawley rats

A reproductive, developmental and neurobehavioral study following oral exposure of tetrabromobisphenol A on Sprague-Dawley rats

Assessment of Selected Food Products for Pesticide Residue in Major Markets of Oyo State, Nigeria

Scientific Opinion on Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in Food

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