Developmental Status of Children Operated for Esophageal Atresia with or without Tracheoesophageal Fistula Along with Maternal Stress, Their Quality of life, and Coping Abilities at AIIMS, New Delhi

Abstract

Introduction Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (EA with or without TEF) is one of the neonatal surgical emergencies requiring surgical intervention in the early neonatal period, influencing the developmental outcome in the operated children. This study was aimed to assess the developmental status of children operated for EA with or without TEF along with maternal stress, their quality of life (QOL), and coping abilities. Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 51 children aged up to 5 years after EA with or without TEF repair and their mothers' in a tertiary care facility. The tools used were, namely, demographic datasheet of child and mother, anthropometry assessment, Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants, and modified Vineland Social Maturity Scale for the developmental evaluation, Child Behavior Checklist (1.5–5 years) caregiver report form, Parental Stress Scale, WHOQOL BREF, and Coping Strategies Checklist. Results The majority of children had low weight (47.1%) and height (31.4%), for reference age. The overall and social developmental delay was observed in 40.7 and 37.5% of children, respectively, and few children (7.4%) had behavioral problems in the borderline range. Among the mothers, 47% had moderate stress and relatively poor QOL in environmental (60.1 ± 18.9) and psychological (60.8 ± 18.8) domains. The most commonly used coping strategy by the mothers was an emotional outlet (29.4%). Conclusion Developmental delay was present in children operated for EA with or without TEF caused significant stress among mothers, affecting their QOL for which the emotional outlet was the most commonly used coping strategy.

Growth and development assessment of children (1–5 years) operated for tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia: A case control study

“…[ 2 ] However, most recent study highlighted a higher percentage for underweight and a lesser percentage for stunted children. [ 12 ] These findings were comparable to the present study findings in terms of underweight and stunted children percentages. Investigator found two different groups based on the method adopted for defect correction and tried to compare the growth parameters of the two.…”

“…A very recent study from North India on “Developmental Status of Children Operated for EA with or with out staged repair Tracheoesophageal Fistula Along with Maternal Stress, Their Quality of life, and Coping Abilities” showed that Developmental delay was present in children operated for EA with or without caused significant stress among mothers, affecting their QOL for which the emotional outlet was the most commonly used coping strategy. [ 12 ] The result was comparable for the development delay in the present study.…”

“…Multiple studies from institutions all over the world assessing postoperative complications found respiratory infection, stricture, anastomotic leak, GER, recurrent TEF etc. [ 1 12 ] We also observed a similar pattern of postoperative complications in the North Indian population. To manage these postoperative complications one time, two-time, or even multiple times balloon dilation adopted.…”

“…Several recent studies have reported that the majority of the children had distal TEF and pure EA and the overall morbidity is significant, Which may be related to the initial surgical approach and technique. [ 2 6 12 ] In the study, investigator found that the majority of the children had distal TEF and only a few had pure EA. A most recent study from north India described that, primary esophageal repair may not suffice alone.…”

“…To manage these postoperative complications one time, two-time, or even multiple times balloon dilation adopted. [ 12 ]…”