Developmental Stages of Ovule and Megagametophyte in Chenopodium botrys L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Chehregani, Abdolkarim; Malayeri, Behrouz; Yousefi, N.

doi:10.3906/bot-0805-20

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Three cells degenerate while only one micropylar megaspore remains functional. In agreement with the results recorded in other Amaranthaceae as Chenpodium quinoa Willd (Chehregani et al 2009) and Amaranthusranthus hypochondriacus (Barrales-López et al 2018). The embryo sac takes a considerable increase in development to the detriment of the nucellus cells which surround it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The embryo sac takes a considerable increase in development to the detriment of the nucellus cells which surround it. The female gametophyte is therefore composed of three antipodal cells, a central cell, two synergids and a micropylar ovule similar to previous ndings on other Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae species (Barrales-López et al 2018, Chehregani et al 2009, Veselova et al 2016). The follow-up of gynoecium development revealed a unilocular ovary formed by the fusion of two to three capels with single style that ends in two to three stigmatas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The ovule born on a basal placentation formed of nucellus enveloped by two integuments. In the primordial phase, the ovary is annular in shape and subsequently curved, thus containing a campylotropic ovule, in agreement with what has been observed in other Amaranthaceae such as Chenopodium botrys L. (Chehregani et al 2009) and Amaranthusranthus hypochondriacus (Barrales-López et al 2018). The ovule vascularization is ensured by single conductive bundle extending along the funiculus in accordance with the observations of (Abdelbar 2018) in Chenpodium quinoa Willd.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…At maturity, the thick nucellus surrounded by external and internal integument each composed of bilayer cells. The embryo sac contained in the nucellus and made up of 7 cells similar to the embryo of Chenopodium botrys L. (Chehregani et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Floral and Seed Anatomy of Newly Identified Sarcocornia and Salicornia Species in Tunisia: Insights into Anther Development, Megasporogenesis, and Embryological Characteristics

Hayder,

Boughalleb,

Abdellaoui

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Detailed studies were conducted for the first time on the floral anatomical features, anther development, megasporogenesis, embryological stages, and seed anatomical characteristics of S. fruticosa, S. alpini, and S. emerici. These species were recently identified in Tunisia through a molecular study.Methods Histological sections, observations using a light microscope, and photographs were taken.Results The results indicate that the pollen grains are characterized by a pantoporate structure of predominantly spheroidal shape. The ovary takes on an annular shape and then curves to produce a campylotropic ovule. After fertilization, the nucellus gives rise to the perisperm, which is absent in mature seeds. The mature embryo exhibits a horseshoe shape and occupies almost the entire seed. The filament length, the size of the anther, pollen, ovary, style, stigma, and seed were the most developed in S. fruticosa. The radicle is longer than the cotyledons in S. emerici, whereas they are of the same length in the other two species. Regarding seed ornamentation, S. fruticosa exhibits a verrucate exotesta with short hairs and papillae that have a blunt tip. However, in S. alpini, it shows a higher density of papillae with a round and conical apex. In S. emerici, the seed surface is covered with numerous long hairs.Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first contribution, as these species had not been previously examined. Furthermore, the findings related to megasporogenesis, female gametophyte, and embryonic development provide evidence that further studies are required for a better anatomical characterization of the Salicornia/Sarcocornia genus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative Floral and Seed Anatomy of Newly Identified Sarcocornia and Salicornia Species in Tunisia: Insights into Anther Development, Megasporogenesis, and Embryological Characteristics

Hayder,

Boughalleb,

Abdellaoui

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Effect of the Heavy Metals on the Developmental Stages of Ovule and Seed Proteins in Chenopodium botrys L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Yousefi

Chehregani

Malayeri

et al. 2009

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Excessive amounts of heavy metals adversely affect plant growth and development. Also, the presence of elevated levels of heavy metal ions triggers a wide range of cellular responses including changes in gene expression and synthesis of metal-detoxifying peptides. The overall objective of this research was to elucidate some microscopic effects of heavy metals on the formation, development, and structure of ovule and seed storage proteins in Chenopodium botrys L. To achieve this purpose, the surrounding area of Hame-Kasi iron and copper mine (Hamedan, Iran) was chosen as a polluted area where the amount of some heavy metals was several times higher than the natural soils. Flowers and young pods were removed from nonpolluted and polluted plants, fixed in FAA 70 and subjected to developmental studies. Our results showed that heavy metals can cause some abnormalities during the ovule developmental process. Decreasing the size of embryo sac, quick growth of inner integument, quick degradation of embryonic sac cells, accumulation of dark particles, irregularity, and even blockage of the nuclear envelope formation and increasing of embryonic sac cytoplasm concentration were the effects of heavy metals. Reduction of ovule number was also seen in the plants collected from polluted area. For protein studies, mature seeds were harvested from nonpolluted and polluted plants at the same time. Seed storage proteins (water soluble ones) were extracted and studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after being prepared. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between seed protein bands of polluted and nonpolluted samples, but the quantity of protein bands was different, and there was a slight quantitative increase of bands with molecular mass of 35 and 15 kD and decrease of a band with molecular mass of 17 kD in the plants collected from the mine area.

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Female gametogenesis and early seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

et al. 2018

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Background. Attention to amaranth grains has increased in recent years due to the nutritional value of their seed proteins, which have high levels of the amino acid lysine. However, there is no detailed study describing the stages of seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus. Question. How are the developmental patterns of the female gametophyte and young seed in Amaranthus hypochondriacus? Species studied. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L 'Revancha' (Amaranthaceae). Study site and years of study. Plants were growth and collected from 2014 to 2016, in a greenhouse at Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. Methods. Glomerules were collected before pollination and two weeks after anthesis. The ovules at different development stages were fixed and cleared and were analyzed by light microscopy. A clearing protocol was used to observe the developmental stages during female gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Results. We observed that the Amaranthus hypochondriacus ovule has a campylotropous form. The female gametophyte showed a Polygonum-type pattern of development. We were also able to identify all the stages from the megaspore mother cell to the cotyledon embryo stage. After meiosis, the micropylar megaspore differentiates into the functional megaspore. The embryo did not show symmetric divisions, although the final pattern is similar to that of in eudicotyledons. The suspensor showed additional longitudinal divisions, giving rise to a 2-rowed suspensor, while the endosperm showed a helobial development. Conclusions. These results will be used as baseline to identify morphological changes during seed development and to develop new strategies to improve seed quality or increase the yield. ResumenAntecedentes: La atención al grano de amaranto ha aumentado en los últimos años debido al valor nutricional de las proteínas de su semilla con altos niveles de lisina. Sin embargo, no existe un estudio detallado que describa las etapas tempranas del desarrollo de su semilla. Pregunta: ¿Cómo es el patrón de desarrollo del gametófito femenino y la semilla en Amaranthus hypochondriacus? Especie de estudio: Amaranthus hypochondriacus L 'Revancha' (Amaranthaceae). Sitio de estudio y fechas: Las plantas fueron cultivadas y se colectaron entre los años 2014 y 2016, en invernadero, en el Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya. Métodos: Los glomérulos se colectaron antes de fecundación y hasta dos semanas después de la antesis. Los óvulos se fijaron y aclararon en diferentes estados de desarrollo, se analizaron bajo microscopía de luz en campo claro. Mediante un protocolo de clareo se logró observar todas las etapas de desarrollo de la gametogénesis femenina y la embriogénesis. Resultados. Los óvulos de Amaranthus hypochondriacus son del tipo campilótropo. El gametófito femenino muestra un patrón de desarrollo del tipo Polygonum. Se identificaron todas las etapas de desarrollo desde la célula madre de la megáspora al estado embrionario cotiledonar. Después de la meiosis la megáspora micropilar se diferencia en la megáspora funcio...

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Developmental Stages of Ovule and Megagametophyte in Chenopodium botrys L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Floral and Seed Anatomy of Newly Identified Sarcocornia and Salicornia Species in Tunisia: Insights into Anther Development, Megasporogenesis, and Embryological Characteristics

Comparative Floral and Seed Anatomy of Newly Identified Sarcocornia and Salicornia Species in Tunisia: Insights into Anther Development, Megasporogenesis, and Embryological Characteristics

Effect of the Heavy Metals on the Developmental Stages of Ovule and Seed Proteins in Chenopodium botrys L. (Chenopodiaceae)

Female gametogenesis and early seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

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