Developmental stage affects the interaction of Steinernema carpocapsae and abamectin for the control of Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera, Gelechidae)

In Vitro Compatibility and Combined Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Abamectin and Imidacloprid Against the White Grub, Pentodon bispinosus Kust.

“…The sublethal effects may affect the nematode reproductive potential (Gutiérrez et al, 2008). Abamectin exhibited negative effects on S. carpocapsae IJs resulted in 70% mortality at 1000 µg/ml for 24 h. (Kary et al, 2018) and accelerate metabolic activity in both tested genus of EPN and releasing CO2 without inhibition of symbiotic bacteria (Sabino et al, 2017) while, imidacloprid reduced the viability and the infectivity of S. carpocapsae (Negrisoli Junior et al, 2008). Although, mixing imidacloprid (0.04:1.25%) caused mortality 3.5% (Patil et al, 2015).…”

“…Further insect host variations, great variability in pathogenicity and virulence against different white grubs have been observed among EPN species and isolates of a single species (Del Valle et al, 2017). Moreover, life stage and instar (Kary et al, 2018). Lesser instar larvae of white grubs are more susceptible EPNs species (Patil et al, 2017).…”

“…Soil drenching with EPNs suspension increased mortality percentages of the third larval instars of white grub P. bispinosos (Ibrahim et al, 2010). They used lower RD of chemical pesticides to avoid adverse effects on EPNs as optimize dosages (Gutiérrez et al, 2008;Kary et al, 2018).…”