Developmental Stability of the Tonotopic Organization of the Chick's Basilar Papilla

Manley, Geoffrey A.; Brix, Jutta; Kaiser, Alexander

doi:10.1126/science.3603046

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies in which physiologicallycharacterized primary afferent fibres were labelled and traced to hair cells indicate that. they contact almost exclusively 'tall' hair cells (Manley et al, 1987;Gleich and Manley, 1988). This is a puzzling finding, for in the barn owl, with its excellent high frequency hearing, there are no 'tall' hair cells in the basal half of the papilla (Smith et al, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative morphological analysis of the sensory epithelium of the starling and pigeon basilar papilla

Gleich

Manley

1988

Hearing Research

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Several features of bird basilar papilla morphology were quantitatively studied in the starling and the pigcon in order to attempt a structure-function correlation. We confirmed and quantified several findings from earlier studies, but also obtained results contradictory to previous reports. The greatest discrepancies concerned the pattern of hair cell orientation. By including the results from other investigations, we describe a 'typical' aviau basilar papilla and on this basis the specializations within individual species.These morphological specializations are discussed in the context of the available physiological data.Bird; Basilar papilla; Morphology; Hair cell; Stereovilli One approach to elucidating basic mechanisms of vertebrate hearing is the comparative investigation of the different types of hearing organs that developed during vertebrate evolution. A knowledge of the morphological substrate is a prerequisite to the ~te~retation of physiolo~c~ results. The number of physiological and anatomical studies of the bird's auditory system has increased greatly over the last 10 years. After early descriptions of the avian inner ear by Retzius (1884) and Held (19X), a detailed comparative investigation of the gross anatomy of different avian cochleae was published by Schwartzkopff and Winter (1960). Studies of fine and ultr~t~ctur~ features and innervation patterns of the basilar papilla of a variety of avian species followed (Takasaka and Smith, 1971;Rosenhall, 1971;Hirokawa, 1978;Tanaka and Smith, 1978; Firbas and Mtiller, 1983;Tilney and Saunders, 1983;Chandler, 1984; &ring et al., 1985;Smith et al., 1985;Counter Correspondence to: Geoffrey A. Manley, Institut ftir Zoologie der Technischen Universit&t Miinchen, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 8046 Garching, F.R.G. and Tsao, 1986;Tilney et al., 1987). ~thou~ these studies provide a lot of detailed information, most of them are qualitative, making direct comparisons of different species difficult. Starting from this data base, we investigated the auditory epithelia of the starling and the pigeon and quantified a number of gradients over the width and length of the papillae. These results allow objective comparisons of specific morphological features between species, and thus lay the foundation for a structure-function analysis. Material and MethodsThe cochleae of adult starlings (Sturnas u~~g~r~s) and pigeons (C~~~~~~ &via dom.) were the focus of this detailed study. One adult budgerigar (Melopsittucus undulutus) and one adult chicken (Gallus gallus dom.) basilar papilla were also investigated, but not in detail. Starlings, pigeons and one budgerigar were anesthetized by injection of a 6% solution of Na-Pentobarbital into the pectoral muscle (100 mg per kg body weight). The birds were either fixed by transcardial perfusion immediately after sufficient anesthesia (normally within 10 mm; pigeons and budgerigar) or, following a neurophysiological ex-0378-5955/88/~3.50 8 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biorne~~ Division)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative morphological analysis of the sensory epithelium of the starling and pigeon basilar papilla

Gleich

Manley

1988

Hearing Research

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“…Thus, the number of vesicles tethered to dense bodies increases over this range. Dense body number and size further than 2.0 mm from the apex (corresponding to a CF of õ1.0 kHz; Manley et al 1987;Chen et al 1994) are unknown, but the phasic component data suggest that they may be constant toward the basal end of the cochlea.…”

Section: Adaptation Across the Tonotopic Axis Of The Basilar Papillamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonotopic Distribution of Short-Term Adaptation Properties in the Cochlear Nerve of Normal and Acoustically Overexposed Chicks

Crumling

Saunders

2007

JARO

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Cochlear nerve adaptation is thought to result, at least partially, from the depletion of neurotransmitter stores in hair cells. Recently, neurotransmitter vesicle pools have been identified in chick tall hair cells that might play a role in adaptation. In order to understand better the relationship between adaptation and neurotransmitter release dynamics, short-term adaptation was characterized by using peristimulus time histograms of single-unit activity in the chick cochlear nerve. The adaptation function resulting from 100-ms pure tone stimuli presented at the characteristic frequency, +20 dB relative to threshold, was well described as a single exponential decay process with an average time constant of 18.6 T 0.8 ms (mean T SEM). The number of spikes contributed by the adapting part of the response increased tonotopically for characteristic frequencies up to õ0.8 kHz. Comparison of the adaptation data with known physiological and anatomical hair cell properties suggests that depletion of the readily releasable pool is the basis of short-term adaptation in the chick. With this idea in mind, short-term adaptation was used as a proxy for assessing tall hair cell synaptic function following intense acoustic stimulation. After 48 h of exposure to an intense pure tone, the time constant of short-term adaptation was unaltered, whereas the number of spikes in the adapting component was increased at characteristic frequencies at and above the exposure frequency. These data suggest that the rate of readily releasable pool emptying is unaltered, but the neurotransmitter content of the pool is increased, by exposure to intense sound. The results imply that an increase in readily releasable pool size might be a compensatory mechanism ensuring the strength of the hair cell afferent synapse in the face of ongoing acoustic stress.

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“…The contours of the frequencyintensity tuning curves were determined from the responses to the test tones. Generally, one or two of the fibres which had been characterized were labelled using the horseradish peroxidase technique (chick; Manley et al 1987a), or a cobalt technique which does not require intracellular recording conditions (starling; K¦ and Gleich 1988).…”

Section: Localizafion Of Acousfically-acfive Afferents In the Avian Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surgical techniques have been previously described (Manley et al 1985(Manley et al , 1987a. Cells were detected either by their spontaneous activity or their responses to white-noise search stimuli or both.…”

Section: Localizafion Of Acousfically-acfive Afferents In the Avian Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional differentiation of sensory cells in the avian auditory periphery

et al. 1989

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Developmental Stability of the Tonotopic Organization of the Chick's Basilar Papilla

Cited by 107 publications

References 11 publications

Quantitative morphological analysis of the sensory epithelium of the starling and pigeon basilar papilla

Quantitative morphological analysis of the sensory epithelium of the starling and pigeon basilar papilla

Tonotopic Distribution of Short-Term Adaptation Properties in the Cochlear Nerve of Normal and Acoustically Overexposed Chicks

Functional differentiation of sensory cells in the avian auditory periphery

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