Developmental Schedule of the Postnatal Rat Testis Determined by Flow Cytometry1

Malkov, Mira; Fisher, Yonit; Don, Jeremy

doi:10.1095/biolreprod59.1.84

Cited by 141 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(53 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

138

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This time point correlates with the first appearance of haploid spermatids in mice. 4 Therefore, cyclins A1, B2 and K were regulated in parallel at a distinct period in testis development associated with the first occurrence of meiotic differentiation. 4 Cyclin expression in isolated testicular germ and somatic cells…”

Section: Global Changes In Cyclin Expression Throughout Testis Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We created transgenic mice that expressed both b-galactosidase and EGFP under the control of the murine and the human cyclin A1 promoter, respectively. 12,14,26 Expression of the reporter genes was then analyzed in adjacent testis sections prepared from mice at postnatal days 1,4,8,11,14,18,21,26 and 34 by X-gal staining (b-galactosidase) and fluorescence microscopy (EGFP; Fig. 6a).…”

Section: Human and Murine Cyclin A1 Promoter Activity In Testis Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The meiotic cell cycle starts in mice around postnatal day (P) 11, with the first appearance of haploid spermatids between P17 and P21. 4 With increasing age, the undifferentiated spermatogonia develop into differentiating spermatogonia of A and B types and subsequently undergo meiosis and spermiogenesis until fertility is reached at 35-37 days of age.The molecular mechanisms governing the stages of mitotic and meiotic cell cycles remain incompletely understood. Several groups have analyzed the impact of single genes related to cell cycle regulation in mitosis and meiosis, 5 but a more global understanding is still needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Expression patterns of mitotic and meiotic cell cycle regulators in testicular cancer and development

Diederichs

Bäumer

Schultz

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mitotic and meiotic cell cycle regulation is essential for normal development and tumor prevention. The underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely characterized. The aim of our analysis was to derive a global expression map of cell cycle regulators in mitosis and meiosis. First, the expression of cyclins, CDKs and CDK inhibitors was determined during postnatal testis maturation in mice using microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR. The abundance of cyclins A1, B2, K, M4, CDK2, all CDKLs, CDKN2c, CDKN2d and INCA1 increased during testis maturation. In contrast, cyclins A2, B1, D2, G1, G2, CDK1, CDK4 and CDK2AP1 showed a maturation-associated decrease. Gene expression profiles of isolated germ cells and testicular somatic cells confirmed these results. Second, we determined cyclin expression patterns in human normal and malignant testis samples (n 5 36) modeling the reciprocal difference between meiosis and mitosis. Testicular tumors strictly expressed cell cycle regulators identified in mitotically dividing germ cells. Expression of several transcripts was histology-specific in testicular tumors, providing novel molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets. Taken together, our data provide a comprehensive expression map of cell cycle regulators at the switch between mitosis and meiosis in testis development and in cancerogenesis. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: cyclin; testicular tumorigenesis; meiosis; mitosis Multicellular organisms rely on a strict regulation of cell division and proliferation. Dysregulation of the mitotic cell cycle has been recognized as a hallmark of the development of malignant diseases. 1 Therefore, a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating mitosis contributes to the understanding of the tumorigenic process.The molecular machinery functioning in meiotic and postmeiotic germ cells is highly divergent from that used by germ cells in the mitotic cell cycle. 2 The germ line is unique compared to other cell lineages since strict regulation of both, the mitotic and the meiotic cell cycle, is indispensable for the generation of gametes. The seminiferous tubules in the testes of newborn mice only contain undifferentiated spermatogonia and immature Sertoli cells, which both exert mitotic proliferation. 3 The postnatal development is divided in three main stages: mitotic proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells; meiotic differentiation from primary spermatids to haploid early round spermatids; and spermiogenesis in which spermatids are reorganized to mature spermatozoa. The meiotic cell cycle starts in mice around postnatal day (P) 11, with the first appearance of haploid spermatids between P17 and P21. 4 With increasing age, the undifferentiated spermatogonia develop into differentiating spermatogonia of A and B types and subsequently undergo meiosis and spermiogenesis until fertility is reached at 35-37 days of age.The molecular mechanisms governing the stages of mitotic and meiotic cell cycles remain incompletely understood. Several groups have analyzed the impact...

show abstract

Section: Global Changes In Cyclin Expression Throughout Testis Develomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human and Murine Cyclin A1 Promoter Activity In Testis Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Expression patterns of mitotic and meiotic cell cycle regulators in testicular cancer and development

Diederichs

Bäumer

Schultz

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The isolation of different mouse spermatocyte stages for gene expression studies by FCM based on autofluorescence vs. PI fluorescence was reported, although the purity of the isolated fractions was not satisfactory and the followed procedure was excessively long (39). On the other hand, Malkov et al (40) used four-parameter FCM (DNA content, cell size, nuclear size, and cell complexity) for the characterization of the testicular developmental schedule of the rat compared with mouse.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐purity flow sorting of early meiocytes based on DNA analysis of guinea pig spermatogenic cells

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mammalian spermatogenesis is still nowadays poorly understood at the molecular level. Testis cellular heterogeneity is a major drawback for spermatogenic gene expression studies, especially when research is focused on stages that are usually very short and poorly represented at the cellular level such as initial meiotic prophase I (i.e., leptotene [L] and zygotene [Z]). Presumably, genes whose products are involved in critical meiotic events such as alignment, pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes are expressed during the short stages of early meiotic prophase. Aiming to characterize mammalian early meiotic gene expression, we have found the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) as an especially attractive model. A detailed analysis of its first spermatogenic wave by flow cytometry (FCM) and optical microscopy showed that guinea pig testes exhibit a higher representation of early meiotic stages compared to other studied rodents, partly because of their longer span, and also as a result of the increased number of cells entering meiosis. Moreover, we have found that adult guinea pig testes exhibit a peculiar 4C DNA content profile, with a bimodal peak for L/Z and P spermatocytes that is absent in other rodents. Besides, we show that this unusual 4C peak allows the separation by FCM of highly pure L/Z spermatocyte populations aside from pachytene ones, even from adult individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an accurate and suitable method for highly pure early meiotic prophase cell isolation from adult mammals, and thus sets an interesting approach for gene expression studies aiming at a deeper understanding of the molecular groundwork underlying male gamete production. ' International Society for Advancement of CytometryKey terms meiosis; spermatogenesis; flow cytometry; cell sorting; guinea pig; meiotic prophase; gene expression SPERMATOGENESIS can be viewed as the simultaneous and coordinated execution of three individual programs of gene expression: somatic proliferation of spermatogonia, meiosis, and spermiogenesis (1). In the seminiferous tubules of adult mammals, germ cells in different maturation steps coexist, with C (round spermatids, elongating and elongated spermatids, spermatozoa), 2C (several types of G1 spermatogonia, secondary spermatocytes) and 4C (different stages of primary spermatocytes, G2 spermatogonia) DNA content. Moreover, somatic Sertoli cells (2C) coexist with germ cells inside the tubules, which are surrounded by peritubular myoid cells and immersed in a stroma containing fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mastocytes, macrophages, and Leydig cells (all of them 2C).Beside the obvious importance of spermatogenesis as a source of male reproductive cells, along the lengthy first meiotic prophase significant events such as the recognition, alignment, pairing (synapsis), and recombination (crossing over) of homologous chromosomes take place (2-5). Particularly, meiotic homologous recombination has vital importance for genetic variability (6). Furthermore, mutations of

show abstract

Spermatogenesis in the golden hamster during the first spermatogenic wave: A flow cytometric analysis

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental Schedule of the Postnatal Rat Testis Determined by Flow Cytometry1

Cited by 141 publications

References 29 publications

Expression patterns of mitotic and meiotic cell cycle regulators in testicular cancer and development

Expression patterns of mitotic and meiotic cell cycle regulators in testicular cancer and development

High‐purity flow sorting of early meiocytes based on DNA analysis of guinea pig spermatogenic cells

Spermatogenesis in the golden hamster during the first spermatogenic wave: A flow cytometric analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About