Developmental Plasticity at High Temperature

Root Growth Adaptation to Climate Change in Crops

“…However, even small differences in ambient growth temperature can have profound effects on crop growth and yield. Although abundant literature is available on how plants tolerate extreme damaging heat less is known on how crops adapt to moderately increased or warmer temperatures (Quint et al, 2016;Vu et al, 2019b).…”

The Heat is On: How Crops Respond to High Temperature

“…In Arabidopsis , there is a suite of morphological changes (e.g. hypocotyl and petiole elongation, leaf hyponasty, and decreased stomatal density) induced by high ambient temperatures referred to as thermomorphogenesis (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019;Quint et al, 2016;Vu et al, 2019). Similarly, warm temperature improves the cooling ability of tomato by promoting stomatal opening and leaf hyponasty (Havko et al, 2020).…”

“…Brassica rapa ), it also modifies the response of the plant to photoperiod, another major factor affecting floral transition (Capovilla, Schmid, & Pose, 2014;Del Olmo, Poza-Viejo, Pineiro, Jarillo, & Crevillen, 2019). A moderately warm temperature can trigger Arabidopsis floral transition under non-inductive short-day (SD) conditions (Balasubramanian, Sureshkumar, Lempe, & Weigel, 2006;Vu et al, 2019), or partially hasten soybean floral initiation under non-inductive long-day (LD) (Wu et al, 2015). Differentially, elevated ambient temperature cannot compensate for photoperiod as a floral inductive signal in some species, which indicates that the effects of ambient temperature on the reproductive development are highly photoperiod-dependent (Hemming et al, 2012;Kiss et al, 2017).…”

“…In contrast, an increase in temperature delays the floral transition and development under SD condition ( Figure 4A ). InArabidopsis , high temperature is able to induce the expression of flowering-promoting genes, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT ) under non-inductive SD (Casal & Balasubramanian, 2019;Vu et al, 2019). In contrast, transcript levels of the barley and wheat ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1 ), do not increase upon high temperature treatments in short days (Dixon et al, 2018;Hemming et al, 2012;Kiss et al, 2017), suggesting FT1 -independent high temperature responsiveness of flowering in cereals (Jacott & Boden, 2020).…”

“…Heat stress is defined as the increase in temperature above a critical threshold for a period of time sufficient to cause irreversible damage to plant growth and development, even death, which is frequently occurring during a hot season. Moderately high temperature causes morphological or photosynthetic changes that together are likely to contribute to adaptive growth acclimation to otherwise detrimental high ambient temperature conditions (Lippmann, Babben, Menger, Delker, & Quint, 2019;Quint et al, 2016;Vu, Xu, Gevaert, & De Smet, 2019). Unlike warm temperature acclimation during vegetative development, (early) reproductive development is more vulnerable to moderately warm temperature, which directly causes grain yield reduction (Draeger et al, 2020;Hedhly, Hormaza, & Herrero, 2009).…”