Developmental Patterns of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Human Erythrocytes

Ripalda, Maria; Rudolph, Nathan; Sl, Wong

doi:10.1203/00006450-198910000-00016

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our results confirm the lower catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels and the higher glutathione reductase and GSH levels in erythrocytes of newborn babies compared with those of adults ( 18,(22)(23)(24). These findings could be due to the raised reticulocyte count typically present in cord blood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

et al. 1992

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ABSTRAO. The ability of erythrocytes from newborn babies and adults to maintain reduced glutathione levels during oxidative stress was studied. In vitro incubation of erythrocytes with H202, with or without inactivation of catalase, caused a rapid depletion of reduced glutathione (CSH) and concomitant accumulation of oxidized glutathione followed by recovery of CSH and fall of oxidized glutathione to initial values in all subjects. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the erythrocytes of adult animals can protect other tissues, e.g. lung, against damage induced by reactive oxygen species (1). Erythrocytes can catabolize an H202 load produced by leukocytes (2) and have been shown to protect both cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (3) and the whole lung (4, 5) from oxidative damage. The action of catalase and the glutathione recycling system is believed to be the key factor in this protective mechanism (1).The preterm baby has poorly developed antioxidant enzyme systems in various organs, e.g. lung, and is susceptible to oxygeninduced tissue damage, e.g. bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6, 7). Thus, the ability of the erythrocyte to catabolize H202 may be of particular importance in these patients. The ability of the erythrocyte to handle oxidative stress induced by H202 can be assessed in vitro by serially measuring the initial fall of GSH and the concomitant rise of GSSG and the subsequent recovery of GSH and fall of GSSG to initial values. Glutathione recycling has already been used to assess the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes of adults (8) and cell cultures (9, 10). We compared glutathione recycling during exposure to H202 in erythrocytes of newborn babies and adults. The erythrocyte activities of enzymes responsible for H202 catabolism, i.e. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, were also measured. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study was approved by the Scientific Committee of the Department of Pediatrics and the Ethical Committee of the University Hospital of Leiden.Patients. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from eight preterm and nine term infants (gestational age [mean (SD)] 32.9 (2.4) and 40.2 (1.5) wk, respectively) within 15 min after delivery of the placenta. The babies were of normal birth weight (10th-90th percentile) and showed no signs of birth asphyxia (Apgar score 1 min r 9, umbilical vein pH r 7.25), respiratory distress, or infection. Their mothers, healthy Caucasian nonsmokers (3), did not receive vitamin or iron supplements. Venous blood samples were taken from 10 healthy Caucasian volunteers (age [mean (SD)] 24.9 (2.4) y), who were nonsmokers.From an additional group of 10 healthy term infants (gestational age [mean (SD) 40.6 (1.4) wk, other characteristics as above) umbilical cord blood samples were obtained to study in vitro the influence of the hematocrit on glutathione recycling.Procedure. Blood was gently withdrawn ( 1.1 -mm diameter needle) into heparinized tubes and immediately centrifuged (750 x g, 10 min). Plasma and buffy coat were discarded ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

et al. 1992

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“…However, these infants received daily from the 4th wk of life 30 mg of elemental iron, more than twice that supplied to the HiFe infants in this study; even so, the reported activities were approximately twice those reported here. Methodologic differences may have contributed to this disparity and to the contrasting results of several crosssectional studies in which ESOD activities fell (31), remained constant (32,33), or rose (34, 35) with increasing postconceptional age. This preliminary report provides the first data on LBWlpreterm infants followed until 20 wk postnatal age, and on such infants who have not received iron supplements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Low Birth Weight Infants Given Iron Supplements

et al. 1991

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ABSTRAU. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (ESOD) activity reflects copper utilization and the risk of copper deficiency. To investigate the possible effects of inorganic iron on the metabolism of copper in low birth weight infants, we have measured ESOD activities in three groups of infants receiving different iron supplements. Fifty-five low birth weight infants were randomly assigned to receive daily from 28 d either 13.8 mg (HiFe), 7 mg (MidFe), or no elemental iron (NatFe) as iron edetate. At 27 d, 8, 12, and 20 wk postnatal age, infants were weighed and measured and hematologic indices, plasma ferritin, zinc, and copper concentrations, and ESOD activities were assayed. Anthropometrical and hematologic indices and plasma copper and zinc concentrations did not differ among treatment groups at any time, but at 20 wk, plasma ferritin concentrations [(pg/L) mean; SD] were lower in the NatFe group (17; 2.0) than in the HiFe group (32; 1.9: 95% confidence interval for mean difference 6.6 to 22.0, p < 0.01). ESOD activities (U/g Hb) were similar in HiFe (1447; 263), MidFe (1552; 322), and NatFe (1538; 382) groups at 27 d, but by 20 wk activities in the HiFe group (1537; 211) were lower than in the MidFe (1789; 403: 95% confidence interval 38 to 466, p < 0.05) and NatFe (1858; 304: 95% confidence interval 150 to 492,p < 0.01) groups. The lower ESOD activities found in the HiFe group at 20 wk may reflect altered copper metabolism induced by the iron supplement, but the clinical importance of this observation is unknown. (Pediatr Res 29: 297-301,1991) Abbreviations ESOD, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase CI, confidence interval HiFe, high iron intake LBW, low birth weight MidFe, middle iron intake NatFe, natural iron intake SOD, superoxide dismutase RBC, red blood cell Because iron and copper have similar physicochemical properties, interactions can occur between them that can affect adversely the metabolism of copper (1). The practical relevance of this has been shown in mixed fed healthy infants in whom an iron-fortified (10.2 mg/L) formula achieved a lower intestinal absorption and whole body retention of copper than did the

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“…[1 -3] These changes and processes greatly increase the production of free radicals, which must be controlled by the antioxidant defence system, the maturation of which follows the course of the gestation. [4,5] This oxidative environment, which increases in premature infants from birth before the 37th week of gestation, appears to involve an immaturity in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms. [6 -11] For this reason, some antioxidants, such as a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and retinol are given to the foetus during the last period of gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes from Premature and Full-term Infants During their First 72 h of Life

Ochoa¹,

Ramírez-Tortosa

Quiles

et al. 2003

Free Radical Research

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation and the response of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence system in erythrocytes from full-term and premature infants at birth, after 3 and after 72 h of life.Study design: Twenty infants were selected and divided in two groups according to their gestational age. Blood samples were taken at birth, at 3 and at 72 h of life, erythrocytes were isolated and the following parameters were measured: fatty-acid profile, coenzyme Q, a-tocopherol, hydroperoxides and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGPx).Results: For the three studied periods, several differences between full-term and premature infants were found. Premature children showed a higher concentration of hydroperoxides, a lower level of atocopherol and lower SOD and cGPx activity (except for cGPx at birth). Moreover, n-3 polyunsaturated fattyacids percentages (essential for good neonatal development) were higher in full term children throughout all the study.Conclusion: Results suggest a strong imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in premature infants during their first 72 h of life, a situation which could lead to several pathologies. Therefore, further research is needed, including possible nutritional intervention (with antioxidant therapy, supplementation of essential fatty acids and other dietary constituents) before and after birth.

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Developmental Patterns of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Human Erythrocytes

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

Recycling of Glutathione during Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes of the Newborn

Reduced Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Low Birth Weight Infants Given Iron Supplements

Oxidative Stress in Erythrocytes from Premature and Full-term Infants During their First 72 h of Life

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