Developmental Patterns of ABO Isoagglutinins in Normal Children Correlated with the Effects of Age, Sex, and Maternal Isoagglutinins

Fong, Susie W.; Qaqundah, Boulos Y.; Taylor, William F.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1974.tb04576.x

Cited by 118 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The usual screening test for functional IgM antibodies is the measurement of isoagglutinins (42). However, since not all infants develop isoagglutinins (type AB), and anti-B isoagglutinins are present in only a small proportion of infants by 1 yr of age, we used an assay for detecting IgM opsonic activity for E. coli to study functional IgM antibody in our population of preterm infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Goetz

Rosenberg

et al. 1988

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. We evaluated the formation of specific and functional antibody in preterm infants born weighing less than 1500 g (mean 1088 g) and less than 32 wk gestational age (mean 28.8 wk). Plasma IgG antibody against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Opsonic activity of heat-inactivated plasma was measured using radiolabeled bacteria, adult polymorphonuclear leukocytes and exogenous human complement. In the presence of complement, the strain of coagulase negative staphylococcus used was opsonized by IgG antibody, and the strain of Escherichia coli by IgM. Geometric mean plasma levels of tetanus and diphtheria IgG antibody fell from birth to 4 months chronological age, but rose significantly by 9 months (approximately 2 months after the third dose of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine). However, at 9 months they remained lower than the respective geometric mean levels in 9-month-old term infants (tetanus: p < 0.001; diphtheria: p = 0.02). The preterm infants' mean glasma IgG staphylococcal opsonic activity fell from birth to 2.5 months, but by 9 months was comparable to that of term infants of the same age. Mean IgM opsonic activity for E. coli was very low at birth in both preterm and term infants. It rose with chronological age, correlating with the rise in total IgM (r = 0.48, p < 0.001) and by 9 months the mean preterm and term infants' levels of IgM opsonic activity for E. coli were comparable. In the newborn period, the preterm infants' levels of plasma IgG tetanus and diphtheria antibody, but not IgG staphylococcal opsonic activity, correlated with their mothers' levels (tetanus: r = 0.84, p < 0.001; diphtheria: r = 0.86, p < 0.001; staphylococcal: r = 0.17, p = 0.38). Placentally

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Goetz

Rosenberg

et al. 1988

Pediatr Res

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“…42 This includes development of isohemagglutinins or "natural" antibodies to nonself A/B blood group antigens, which remain low during the first months of life. 43,44 On a trial of ABO-incompatible heart transplantation in infants, there were no cases of hyperacute or acute humoral rejection, nor clinical problems attributable to blood group incompatibility under the standard immunosuppression without splenectomy. 41 Analysis of the peripheral blood B cells from patients who had received ABO-incompatible heart grafts in their infancy showed that these cells were simultaneously incapable of producing antibodies against donor type A or B blood group antigens, yet produced antibodies against nondonor polysaccharides.…”

Section: Elimination Of B Cells Responding To Group a Carbohydrates 4571mentioning

confidence: 99%

The persistent elimination of B cells responding to blood group A carbohydrates by synthetic group A carbohydrates and B-1 cell differentiation blockade: novel concept in preventing antibody-mediated rejection in ABO-incompatible transplantation

Irei

Ohdan

Zhou

et al. 2007

Blood

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We demonstrated a novel strategy for specific and persistent inhibition of antibody (Ab) production against blood group A or B carbohydrate determinants necessary for successful ABO-incompatible transplantation. Similar to human blood group O or B individuals, mice have naturally occurring Abs against human blood group A carbohydrates in their sera. B cells with receptors for A carbohydrates in mice belonging to the CD5+CD11b+B-1a subset have phenotypic properties similar to those of human B cells. These cells could be temporarily eliminated by injecting synthetic A carbohydrates (GalNAcα1–3, Fucα1–2Gal) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (A-BSA) and anti-BSA Abs. In mice that received the injection of A-BSA/anti-BSA Abs, the serum levels of anti-A IgM were reduced, but immunization with human A erythrocytes resulted in increased serum levels of anti-A Abs. When combined with cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment, which blocks B-1a cell differentiation, and treatment with A-BSA/anti-BSA Abs, the serum levels of anti-A Abs were persistently undetectable in the mice even after the immunization. B cells with receptors for A carbohydrates were markedly reduced in these mice. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that treatment with A-BSA/anti-BSA Abs temporarily depletes B cells responding to A determinants, and CsA treatment prevents the replenishment of these cells.

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“…This is thought to be due to the immaturity of the neonatal immune system, as even anti-A and anti-B are not detectable during the first few months of life [1]. Due to the exceedingly low likelihood of alloimmunization, American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) Standards allows for neonates to be transfused for up to 4 months without any additional compatibility testing [23].…”

Section: Incidence Of Minor Rbc Antigen Alloimmunization In Various Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is their ability to induce alloimmune responses which typically draws the greatest attention from immunohematologists and transfusion medicine specialists. While antibodies to the ‘major' A and B antigens appear ‘naturally' in the serum after the first few months of life [1], antibodies to minor RBC antigens most frequently arise following a foreign exposure, usually as a result of transfusion, pregnancy, or transplantation. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Clinical and Biological Factors on Transfusion-Associated Non-ABO Antigen Alloimmunization: Responders, Hyper-Responders, and Non-Responders

Gehrie

Tormey

2014

Transfus Med Hemother

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In the context of transfusion medicine, alloimmunization most often refers to the development of antibodies to non-ABO red blood cell (RBC) antigens following pregnancy, transfusion, or transplantation. The development of RBC alloantibodies can have important clinical consequences, particularly in patients who require chronic transfusions. It has been suggested that alloimmunization is more common in some clinical circumstances and patient populations than in others. As such, individuals that develop alloantibodies are frequently referred to as ‘responders' in the medical literature. In contrast, individuals that do not develop alloantibodies despite repeated exposures to non-self blood group antigens have been referred to as ‘non-responders'. The purpose of this article is to review the phenomenon of RBC alloimmunization in the context of responders and non-responders to: i) establish a basic framework for alloimmunization as reported across several diverse patient populations; ii) more fully explore literature reports which support the concept of responders/non-responders regarding blood group antigen alloimmunization; iii) summarize the mechanisms that have been shown to predispose an individual to alloimmunization to determine how these factors may differentiate ‘responders' from ‘non-responders'; and iv) briefly discuss some practical approaches to prevent alloimmunization in patients who may be prone to alloantibody development.

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Developmental Patterns of ABO Isoagglutinins in Normal Children Correlated with the Effects of Age, Sex, and Maternal Isoagglutinins

Cited by 118 publications

References 13 publications

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

Longitudinal Development of Specific and Functional Antibody in Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infants

The persistent elimination of B cells responding to blood group A carbohydrates by synthetic group A carbohydrates and B-1 cell differentiation blockade: novel concept in preventing antibody-mediated rejection in ABO-incompatible transplantation

The Influence of Clinical and Biological Factors on Transfusion-Associated Non-ABO Antigen Alloimmunization: Responders, Hyper-Responders, and Non-Responders

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