Developmental Origins of Health and Disease in swine: implications for animal production and biomedical research

González-Bulnes, Antonio; Astiz, Susana; Óvilo, Cristina; López‐Bote, C. J.; Torres-Rovira, Laura; Barbero, Álvaro Enrique García; Ayuso, Miriam; García-Contreras, Consolación; Vázquez-Gómez, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.03.024

Cited by 53 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Some programmed changes in morphology and function are apparent in the prenatal period or immediately after birth, such as growth restriction and increased relative heart mass (Table 1). However, other programmed changes may only become evident later in life, often in association with aging or an additional environmental stress (22, 32, 68). The decrease in Leak respiration rate in juvenile, but not embryonic, alligators from hypoxic incubations may simply represent a latent effect of developmental hypoxia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental plasticity of mitochondrial function in American alligators,Alligator mississippiensis

Galli

Crossley

Elsey

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The effect of hypoxia on cellular metabolism is well documented in adult vertebrates, but information is entirely lacking for embryonic organisms. The effect of hypoxia on embryonic physiology is particularly interesting, as metabolic responses during development may have life-long consequences, due to developmental plasticity. To this end, we investigated the effects of chronic developmental hypoxia on cardiac mitochondrial function in embryonic and juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Alligator eggs were incubated in 21% or 10% oxygen from 20 to 90% of embryonic development. Embryos were either harvested at 90% development or allowed to hatch and then reared in 21% oxygen for 3 yr. Ventricular mitochondria were isolated from embryonic/juvenile alligator hearts. Mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic activities of electron transport chain complexes were measured with a microrespirometer and spectrophotometer, respectively. Developmental hypoxia induced growth restriction and increased relative heart mass, and this phenotype persisted into juvenile life. Embryonic mitochondrial function was not affected by developmental hypoxia, but at the juvenile life stage, animals from hypoxic incubations had lower levels of Leak respiration and higher respiratory control ratios, which is indicative of enhanced mitochondrial efficiency. Our results suggest developmental hypoxia can have life-long consequences for alligator morphology and metabolic function. Further investigations are necessary to reveal the adaptive significance of the enhanced mitochondrial efficiency in the hypoxic phenotype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental plasticity of mitochondrial function in American alligators,Alligator mississippiensis

Galli

Crossley

Elsey

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…On gestational Day 35, all sows were weighed and the food amount from that day until delivery was adjusted to fulfill 50% of daily maintenance requirements. This diet restriction has been previously found to affect fetal development and to induce lower birth-weight in the newborns [8, 24]. Also on gestational Day 35, sows were pair-matched according to body-weight and 10 females remained as untreated control group (group C) whilst the remaining 10 females (group HT) acted as the treated group by receiving 1.5mg of hydroxytyrosol per kg of feed each day from Day 35 of pregnancy to delivery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, possible usefulness of polyphenols for reproductive health and pregnancy is only beginning to be explored [23] Hence, we aimed to determine whether hydroxytyrosol supplementation of maternal food during pregnancy may improve pre- and early post-natal developmental patterns and metabolic traits of the offspring by using a translational swine model previously developed in our laboratory [8, 24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenols and IUGR pregnancies: Maternal hydroxytyrosol supplementation improves prenatal and early-postnatal growth and metabolism of the offspring

Vázquez-Gómez¹,

García-Contreras²,

Torres-Rovira³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Hydroxytyrosol is a polyphenol with antioxidant, metabolism-regulatory, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties. The present study aimed to determine whether supplementing the maternal diet with hydroxytyrosol during pregnancy can improve pre- and early post-natal developmental patterns and metabolic traits of the offspring. Experiment was performed in Iberian sows fed a restricted diet in order to increase the risk of IUGR. Ten sows were treated daily with 1.5 mg of hydroxytyrosol per kg of feed between Day 35 of pregnancy (30% of total gestational period) until delivery whilst 10 animals were left untreated as controls. Number and weight of offspring were assessed at birth, on post-natal Day 15 and at weaning (25 days-old). At weaning, body composition and plasma indexes of glucose and lipids were measured. Treatment with hydroxytyrosol was associated with higher mean birth weight, lower incidence of piglets with low birth weight. Afterwards, during the lactation period, piglets in the treated group showed a higher body-weight than control piglets; such effects were even stronger in the most prolific litters. These results suggest that maternal supplementation with hydroxytyrosol may improve pre- and early post-natal development of offspring in pregnancies at risk of IUGR.

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“…Maternal malnutrition compromises foetal metabolism and development, causing growth retardation and triggering adaptive changes in the foetus to increase likelihood of survival [14]. Work from other groups has shown that the maternal lipid profile and placental efficiency are strongly related to cholesterol and triglyceride availability for human and other animal foetuses, which affects their viability and growth [15,16,17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research in humans and animal models has shown that the sex of the offspring can affect pre- and postnatal development in compromised pregnancies such as IUGR [14,26,27,28,29,30,31]. Less clear is whether this sex effect extends to lipid homeorhesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of Sex-Related Differences in Foetal Developmental Features, Lipid Availability and Fatty Acid Composition

García-Contreras

Vázquez-Gómez

Astiz

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Sex-related differences in lipid availability and fatty acid composition during swine foetal development were investigated. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the mother were strongly related to the adequacy or inadequacy of foetal development and concomitant activation of protective growth in some organs (brain, heart, liver and spleen). Cholesterol and triglyceride availability was similar in male and female offspring, but female foetuses showed evidence of higher placental transfer of essential fatty acids and synthesis of non-essential fatty acids in muscle and liver. These sex-related differences affected primarily the neutral lipid fraction (triglycerides), which may lead to sex-related postnatal differences in energy partitioning. These results illustrate the strong influence of the maternal lipid profile on foetal development and homeorhesis, and they confirm and extend previous reports that female offspring show better adaptive responses to maternal malnutrition than male offspring. These findings may help guide dietary interventions to ensure adequate fatty acid availability for postnatal development.

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Developmental Origins of Health and Disease in swine: implications for animal production and biomedical research

Cited by 53 publications

References 92 publications

Developmental plasticity of mitochondrial function in American alligators,Alligator mississippiensis

Developmental plasticity of mitochondrial function in American alligators,Alligator mississippiensis

Polyphenols and IUGR pregnancies: Maternal hydroxytyrosol supplementation improves prenatal and early-postnatal growth and metabolism of the offspring

Ontogeny of Sex-Related Differences in Foetal Developmental Features, Lipid Availability and Fatty Acid Composition

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