Developmental normative data for the Baron-Hopkins Board test of spatial location memory

Abstract

Developmentally appropriate domain-specific tests with strong psychometric properties for preschoolers are lacking and infrequently developed. Baron's modification of the Hopkins Board test (B-HB) to assess spatial location learning and recall in 3- and 6-year-old children has shown promise in the study of young children born prematurely. Current study data were analyzed on 172 typically developing children at age 3 years and 193 at age 6 years, born at term (≥ 37 weeks; ≥ 2500 grams). Statistically significant gender differences were found and data stratification of T-scores and percentile ranks are provided for each of the eight B-HB measures. The B-HB's strong interrater reliability (99.5%), low-to-moderate test-retest reliability across the 3-year age span, Pearson correlations showing criterion validity, and differential functioning from other selective attention and visuospatial/visuoperceptual tests provide initial normative data for this novel measure of spatial location memory in young children.

Visual psychosocial profiling of Chinese temporomandibular disorder pain patients and correlations with somatosensory function

“…They proposed a method of generating individual psychosocial profiles via comparison with age‐ and sex‐matched HCs by transforming the patient's raw data into standardised T scores. This approach is a well‐established and commonly used method in clinical psychology 31 . The psychosocial profiles of a given patient can be conveniently displayed as T scores, and each individual parameter can be related to a specific age‐ and sex‐matched reference range and displayed as the number of standard deviations (SDs) above or below the normal mean value.…”

“…This approach is a well-established and commonly used method in clinical psychology. 31 The psychosocial profiles of a given patient can be conveniently displayed as T scores, and each individual parameter can be related to a specific age-and sex-matched reference range and displayed as the number of standard deviations (SDs) above or below the normal mean value. T score transformation ensures that all data can be interpreted along the same scale with the same mean and SD, although they might initially have different numbers of items and different nontransformed means.…”