Developmental localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal sensory axons and ventral motor neurons of mouse cervical spinal cord

Kim, Jeong-Tae; Sunagawa, Masanobu; Kobayashi, Shiori; Shin, Taekyun; Takayama, Chitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2015.09.003

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that BNP was co-localized with CGRP in the multipolar neurons in the VH. Our results are consistent with those of the previous studies, which showed that the CGRP is expressed in the motor neuron in the ventral of the spinal cord (Chen et al, 2010; McCoy et al, 2012; Cui et al, 2015; Kim et al, 2016), where it is co-localized with ChAT (Zheng et al, 2008). CGRP plays different roles based on its localization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Another study reported that sciatic nerve injury leads to down-regulation of CGRP transcripts in the motor neurons of the VH in the first week after birth and starts to be unregulated 12 days after birth (Tonra and Mendell, 1998). Recently, it has also been suggested that CGRP expression in the spinal cord is involved in the growth of sensory and motor axons (Kim et al, 2016). Taken together, these findings suggest that BNP might play a role in repair mechanisms following nerve injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Abdelalim¹,

Bellier²,

Tooyama³

2016

Front. Neuroanat.

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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) exerts its functions through NP receptors. Recently, BNP has been shown to be involved in a wide range of functions. Previous studies reported BNP expression in the sensory afferent fibers in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord. However, BNP expression and function in the neurons of the central nervous system are still controversial. Therefore, in this study, we investigated BNP expression in the rat spinal cord in detail using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR analysis showed that BNP mRNA was present in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). BNP immunoreactivity was observed in different structures of the spinal cord, including the neuronal cell bodies and neuronal processes. BNP immunoreactivity was observed in the DH of the spinal cord and in the neurons of the intermediate column (IC) and ventral horn (VH). Double-immunolabeling showed a high level of BNP expression in the afferent fibers (laminae I–II) labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), suggesting BNP involvement in sensory function. In addition, BNP was co-localized with CGRP and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the motor neurons of the VH. Together, these results indicate that BNP is expressed in sensory and motor systems of the spinal cord, suggesting its involvement in several biological actions on sensory and motor neurons via its binding to NP receptor-A (NPR-A) and/or NP receptor-B (NPR-B) at the spinal cord level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Abdelalim¹,

Bellier²,

Tooyama³

2016

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…To begin to understand the molecular diversity of mature C‐neurons, we labeled various neuronal subtypes with antibodies in brachial spinal cord transverse sections of Robo3 Cre/+ ; ROSA26 LSL‐tdTomato/+ mice (Figure a–g). PKC‐γ is expressed in excitatory interneurons that receive inputs from low‐threshold mechanoreceptors (Neumann, Braz, Skinner, Llewellyn‐Smith, & Basbaum, ); NK‐1R identifies ascending projection neurons located in dorsal horn lamina I (Todd, ); CGRP labels ventral horn MNs and other neurons in the superficial dorsal horn, lamina X, and ventral spinal cord (Eftekhari & Edvinsson, ; Gibson et al, ; Kim, Sunagawa, Kobayashi, Shin, & Takayama, ); Tlx3 marks dI5 excitatory neurons in the dorsal horn (Xu et al, ); Pax2 identifies subsets of mature inhibitory neurons (Cheng et al, ; Larsson, ); staining for GABA identifies neurons that synthesize this inhibitory neurotransmitter; CB and CR are calcium‐binding proteins expressed in subsets of almost exclusively excitatory neurons (Albuquerque, Jackson, & MacDermott, ; Antal et al, ; Ren & Ruda, ). We found that PKC‐γ + neurons do not contribute to the commissural population (Figure a), 2.14 ± 0.31% of C‐neurons belong to the NK‐1R + population (Figure b), 3.61 ± 0.63% are positive for CGRP (Figure c), 12.67 ± 2.13% express Tlx3 (Figure d), 51.78 ± 9.27% are classified as Pax2 + (Figure e), 39.57 ± 4.32% belong to the GABA + population (Figure f), 5.66 ± 0.56% are positive for CB but not CR, 12.62 ± 3.78% do not express CB but are CR + , and 2.91 ± 0.89% are both CB + and CR + (Figure g).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3^Cre mouse

Tulloch

Teo

Carvajal

et al. 2019

J of Comparative Neurology

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The two sides of the nervous system coordinate and integrate information via commissural neurons, which project axons across the midline. Commissural neurons in the spinal cord are a highly heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their birthplace, final cell body position, axonal trajectory, and neurotransmitter phenotype. Although commissural axon guidance during development has been studied in great detail, neither the developmental origins nor the mature phenotypes of commissural neurons have been characterized comprehensively, largely due to lack of selective genetic access to these neurons. Here, we generated mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Robo3 locus specifically in commissural neurons. We used Robo3 Cre mice to characterize the transcriptome and various origins of developing commissural neurons, revealing new details about their extensive heterogeneity in molecular makeup and developmental lineage. Further, we followed the fate of commissural neurons into adulthood, thereby elucidating their settling positions and molecular diversity and providing evidence for possible functions in various spinal cord circuits. Our studies establish an important genetic entry point for further analyses of commissural neuron development, connectivity, and function.

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“…Notably, the xylose content was significantly increased by 18% in the Ca(OH) 2 mixed alkaline solution treatment compared with the Ca(OH) 2 single alkaline solution treatment ( P < 0.05). NaOH pretreatment particularly cleaves the ester bonds in lignin-carbohydrate complexes, and the carbon-to-carbon bonds in lignin molecules, while Ca(OH) 2 pretreatment mainly removes acetyl groups ( 32 ). Additionally, Ca(OH) 2 belongs to a binary strong base and the hydroxyl ion can destroy the tight structure formed between hemicellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic-Assisted Dual-Alkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Followed by Candida tropicalis Fermentation to Produce Xylitol

et al. 2022

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In this work, the investigation mainly focused on ultrasonic-assisted dual-alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse followed by Candida tropicalis fermentation to produce xylitol. The results showed that the combination of NaOH and ammonia water had the best effect by comparing the effects of the four single-alkali (NaOH, KOH, ammonia water, Ca(OH)2) and their mixed double-alkali pretreatments on xylose content. Then, the optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse were obtained by response surface methodology. When the ratio of NaOH and ammonia water was 2:1, the mixed alkali concentration (v/v) was 17%, the ultrasonic temperature was 45°C, the ultrasonic power was 300 W, and the ultrasonic time was 40 min, the content of xylose reached a maximum of 2.431 g/L. Scanning electron microscopy showed that sugarcane bagasse by ultrasonic-assisted alkali pretreatment aggravated with more folds and furrows. Moreover, the fermentation results showed that the concentration ratio of enzymatic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse affected the xylitol yield, and when concentrated three times, the highest yield of xylitol (54.42%) was obtained.

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Developmental localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal sensory axons and ventral motor neurons of mouse cervical spinal cord

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3^Cre mouse

Ultrasonic-Assisted Dual-Alkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Followed by Candida tropicalis Fermentation to Produce Xylitol

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Developmental localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal sensory axons and ventral motor neurons of mouse cervical spinal cord

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord

Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3Cre mouse

Ultrasonic-Assisted Dual-Alkali Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse Followed by Candida tropicalis Fermentation to Produce Xylitol

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Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3^Cre mouse