Developmental Invariance in the Statistical Learning of Target Location Probability

Lee, Saebyul; Hong, Injae; Jeong, Su Keun

doi:10.35574/kjdp.2020.12.33.4.19

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Multiple search experiences with such target-related statistical regularity automatically guide spatial attention to a frequent target region, resulting in faster target detections. A long-term influence of automatic attentional guidance by LPL (Jiang et al, 2013b ) is effective regardless of the developmental trajectory (Jiang et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2020 ; Sisk et al, 2018 ), search space scale (Sisk et al, 2021 ; Smith et al, 2010 ; Won et al, 2015 ), cognitive impairment with working memory load (Won & Jiang, 2015 ) or cognitive deficits (Sisk et al, 2018 ). In this regard, LPL paradigm is prominent as an educational or rehabilitation program to induce adaptive cognitive bias for those who have difficulty understanding explicit rules within their daily lives.…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LPL was persistent with the explicit instruction of regularity changes (Jiang et al, 2014 ). Moreover, LPL is possible for those with cognitive impairment (Geng & Behrmann, 2002 ; Shaqiri & Anderson, 2012 , 2013 ; Sisk et al, 2018 ) or aged or younger groups (Jiang et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2020 ), whose goal-driven attentional control ability is relatively degraded than healthy adults. A meta-analysis aggregating the existing ~ 400 datasets (Jiang et al, 2018 ) showed that the recognition accuracy of a target’s frequent location, or the awareness degree of the regularity, did not predict the extent of attentional bias.…”

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habit-like attentional bias is unlike goal-driven attentional bias against spatial updating

Hong

Kim

2022

Cogn. Research

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Statistical knowledge of a target’s location may benefit visual search, and rapidly understanding the changes in regularity would increase the adaptability in visual search situations where fast and accurate performance is required. The current study tested the sources of statistical knowledge—explicitly-given instruction or experience-driven learning—and whether they affect the speed and location spatial attention is guided. Participants performed a visual search task with a statistical regularity to bias one quadrant (“old-rich” condition) in the training phase, followed by another quadrant (“new-rich” condition) in the switching phase. The “instruction” group was explicitly instructed on the regularity, whereas the “no-instruction” group was not. It was expected that the instruction group would rely on goal-driven attention (using regularities with explicit top-down knowledge), and the no-instruction group would rely on habit-like attention (learning regularities through repetitive experiences) in visual search. Compared with the no-instruction group, the instruction group readjusted spatial attention following the regularity switch more rapidly. The instruction group showed greater attentional bias toward the new-rich quadrant than the old-rich quadrant; however, the no-instruction group showed a similar extent of attentional bias to two rich quadrants. The current study suggests that the source of statistical knowledge can affect attentional allocation. Moreover, habit-like attention, a different type of attentional source than goal-driven attention, is relatively implicit and inflexible.

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Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significance Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habit-like attentional bias is unlike goal-driven attentional bias against spatial updating

Hong

Kim

2022

Cogn. Research

Self Cite

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“…Learning habit-like attentional biases also occur despite cognitive interference. For example, interference from working memory load (Won & Jiang, 2015), search perspective change (Jiang et al, 2014, Jiang, Swallow, & Capistrano, 2013; Jiang & Swallow, 2014), cognitive impairments in autism spectrum disorder (Jiang, Capistrano, et al, 2013), development and aging (Lee et al, 2020; Twedell et al, 2017), Parkinson’s disease (Sisk et al, 2018), or hemispatial neglect (Geng & Behrmann, 2002) do not interfere with learning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flexibility and stability of habit learning depend on temporal signal variation.

Hong¹,

Kim²,

Jeong³

2022

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The visual system can learn statistical regularities and form search habits that guide attention to a region where a target frequently appears. Although regularities in the real world can change over time, little is known about how such changes affect habit learning. Using a location probability learning task, we demonstrated that a constant target location probability resulted in a long-term habit-like attentional bias to the target-frequent location. However, when the target probability changed over time in any pattern, the same amount of learning induced only a short-term bias and disrupted the formation of long-term search habits. Moreover, although temporal changes in regularity during initial learning interfered with the acquisition of a search habit, they did not modulate the already consolidated bias. These results suggest that the stability and flexibility of habitual attention learning depend on when and how the statistical regularities in the environment change.

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Developmental Invariance in the Statistical Learning of Target Location Probability

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Habit-like attentional bias is unlike goal-driven attentional bias against spatial updating

Habit-like attentional bias is unlike goal-driven attentional bias against spatial updating

Flexibility and stability of habit learning depend on temporal signal variation.

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