Developmental Improvement in Children With Intellectual Disability After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Severe Isoametropia

Paysse, Evelyn A.; Kong, Lingkun; Achim, Catherine; Weikert, Mitchell P.; Whitlow, Bryan T.; Romany, Gihan; Coats, David K.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.08.011

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“… 100 Development improvements have also been observed in highly myopic children with intellectual disability unable to use conventional optical corrections. 101 …”

Section: Challenges Of Optical Correction Of High Myopia In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI—Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children

Flitcroft

Ainsworth

Chia

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia (≤−6 diopters [D]) in infants and young children. Findings High myopia is rare in pre-school children with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in such children is different than in older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The priority following the diagnosis of high myopia in childhood is to determine whether there is an associated medical diagnosis that may be of greater overall importance to the health of the child through a clinical evaluation that targets the commonest features associated with syndromic forms of myopia. Biometric evaluation (including axial length and corneal curvature) is important to distinguishing axial myopia from refractive myopia associated with abnormal development of the anterior segment. Additional investigation includes ocular imaging, electrophysiological tests, genetic testing, and involvement of pediatricians and clinical geneticists is often warranted. Following investigation, optical correction is essential, but this may be more challenging and complex than in older children. Application of myopia control interventions in this group of children requires a case-by-case approach due to the lack of evidence of efficacy and clinical heterogeneity of high myopia in young children. Conclusions High myopia in infants and young children is a rare condition with a different pattern of etiology to that seen in older children. The clinical management of such children, in terms of investigation, optical correction, and use of myopia control treatments, is a complex and often multidisciplinary process.

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“… 100 Development improvements have also been observed in highly myopic children with intellectual disability unable to use conventional optical corrections. 101 …”

Section: Challenges Of Optical Correction Of High Myopia In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI—Management and Investigation of High Myopia in Infants and Young Children

Flitcroft

Ainsworth

Chia

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Finally, there are refractive errors beyond the limits of pIOL, or children whose anterior chamber depth is too small for pIOL. These children are candidates for clear lens exchange [ 82 ]. Clear lens exchange is associated with similar risks as PIOL, including retinal detachment and infection, along with the additional risk of loss of accommodation [ 83 ].…”

Section: Relevant Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to improving visual acuity, refractive surgery can improve behavioral and developmental outcomes and quality of life. A recent study by Paysse et al showed that PRK improves the developmental outcomes of children with intellectual disability and high isoametropia [ 82 ]. Similarly, in studies of refractive surgeries in children with neurobehavioral disorders, 85–92% exhibited enhanced visual awareness, attentiveness, or social interactions postoperatively [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ].…”

Section: Relevant Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Paysse et al showed that PRK improves the developmental outcomes of children with intellectual disability and high isoametropia [ 82 ]. Similarly, in studies of refractive surgeries in children with neurobehavioral disorders, 85–92% exhibited enhanced visual awareness, attentiveness, or social interactions postoperatively [ 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ]. We recently published the results of a small pilot study enrolling 24 children pre- and 1-month post refractive surgery.…”

Section: Relevant Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual Autism

Reynolds

Culican

2023

Children

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. It affects approximately 2.2% of children. Both genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified for ASD. Visual comorbidities are relatively common among children with ASD. Between 20 and 44% of ASD children have visually significant refractive error, on-third have strabismus, and one-fifth have amblyopia. In addition, ASD is 30 times more common in children with congenital blindness. It is unknown whether the association of ASD with visual morbidity is causal, comorbid, or contributing. Structural and functional abnormalities have been identified in MRIs of ASD children, and ASD children have been noted to have aberrant eye tracking. ASD children with visually significant refractive errors and poor spectacle compliance (present in 30% of ASD children) offer the opportunity for investigation into how improved visual acuity influences ASD behaviors. In this review, we focus on what is known of the visual system, refractive surgery, and ASD.

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