Developmental expression of the VIP-gene in brain and intestine

Gozes, Illana; Shani, Yael; Rostène, William

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(87)90007-6

Cited by 66 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…VIP-containing neurons are widely distributed in the cortex and the hippocampus (Magistretti and Morrison, 1988;Baldino et al, 1989). VIP synthesis is developmentally regulated, with most synthesis occurring postnatally and reaching a peak at the time of synapse formation (Gozes et al, 1987). In our embryonic hippocampal cultures, VIP is produced by virtually all the neurons during the first 2 weeks in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Glia-Derived Signal Regulating Neuronal Differentiation

et al. 2000

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Astrocytes are present in large numbers in the nervous system, are associated with synapses, and propagate ionic signals. Astrocytes influence neuronal physiology by responding to and releasing neurotransmitters, but the mechanisms that establish the close interaction between these cells are not defined. Here we use hippocampal neurons in culture to demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) promotes neuronal differentiation through activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF), a protein secreted by VIP-stimulated astroglia. ADNF is produced by glial cells and acts directly on neurons to promote glutamate responses and morphological development. ADNF causes secretion of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and both proteins regulate NMDA receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) and NR2B. These data suggest that the VIP-ADNF-NT-3 neuronal-glial pathway regulates glutamate responses from an early stage in the synaptic development of excitatory neurons and may also contribute to the known effects of VIP on learning and behavior in the adult nervous system. Key words: glia; synapse; hippocampus; ADNF; NT-3; VIPAn important role for glial cells in synapse function has long been suggested by the intimate relationship that exists between astrocytes and synaptic terminals in vivo (Peters et al., 1991;Ventura and Harris, 1999). Growing evidence indicates that astrocytes play active roles in the CNS (Dani et al., 1992;Porter and McCarthy, 1996). Astrocytes can signal to neurons by releasing soluble factors such as glutamate (Nedergaard, 1994;Parpura et al., 1994) or ␤-chemokines (Brenneman et al., 1999a,b) that regulate neuronal activity (Araque et al., 1998a,b;Meucci et al., 1998). In fact, astrocytes are now viewed as active partners of the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in the elaboration of tripartite synaptic structures (Araque et al., 1999). The temporal correlation between glial development and synaptogenesis also suggests an involvement of astrocytes in the formation of the first synapses. In the rat CNS, neurons form most of their synapses during the third postnatal week (Aghajanian and Bloom, 1967), after the differentiation of astrocytes has already been completed (Parnavelas et al., 1983). It has been proposed that glia-derived, soluble factors are necessary for the maturation of developing synapses in vitro (Pfrieger and Barres, 1997). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interactions between neurons and glia are not well defined.Secreted factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) have been shown to regulate synaptogenesis in the developing hippocampus (Vicario-Abejón et al., 1998), but these factors are neuron-derived proteins that do not require the presence of glia to act on neurons (Song et al., 1997). Among the known regulatory peptides found in the CNS, only vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is thought to stimulate glia to generate neurotrophic factors (for review, see Brenneman et al., 1999b). The most potent of these glial signals is the activit...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Glia-Derived Signal Regulating Neuronal Differentiation

et al. 2000

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“…Table I presents the absolute changes in VIPmRNA as well as in relation to the internal standard. The sensitivity of our method was described in our previous pa pers [8,[11][12][13][14]; see also below].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VIP was later found to be a widely distributed neuropeptide with neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurohormone functions [22], Ontogénie studies of VIP by radioimmunoassays suggest that VIP mainly appears in the postnatally developing animal, with high concentrations in specific brain structures such as the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus [6,16,19]. Our studies suggest that the postnatal increase in VIP content in the brain is regulated at the level of gene expression [8,13]. Du ring embryonal development, significant amounts of VIP were undetectable in the brain [6,16].…”

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Gene Expression from Embryos to Aging Rats

et al. 1988

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene transcripts were demonstrated by RNA blot hybridization using VIP-specific RNA hybridization probes. High levels of expression were observed as early as in 16-day-old embryos. In aging rats, the VIP-mRNA levels were reduced significantly (in the cerebral cortex) as compared to 21-day-old rats. Our results suggest a role for the VIP gene protein products during embryonal development. During aging processes the decrease in VIP gene transcripts may be a consequence of either a reduction in the transcriptional activity of VIP neurons or death of VIP-producing cells.

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“…Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28 amino acid neuropeptide originally isolated from the gut [1] and subsequently found to be widely distributed within the peripheral and central nervous systems [2][3][4][5]. VIP receptors occur early in rodent embryogenesis [6][7][8][9] and exhibit dynamic patterns of localization in the nervous system throughout both preand postnatal development [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders:Therapeutic Potential

Hill¹

2007

CPD

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Abstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mediates important events during the development of the nervous system. VIP can stimulate neuronogenesis as well as differentiation and neurite outgrowth; it can promote the survival of neurons and assist in neuronal repair; it is also anti-inflammatory and can modulate immune responses. In addition, VIP is necessary for the normal growth and development of the early postimplantation mouse embryo during the period when the major embryonic events are neural tube formation, neuronogenesis and expansion of the vascular system. Receptors for VIP appear during early postimplantation embryogenesis in the rodent and exhibit changing localization patterns throughout the development of the brain. During embryogenesis, unregulated VIP may have major and permanent consequences on the formation of the brain and may be a participating factor in disorders of neurodevelopment. VIP has been linked to autism, Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome. This paper will review the role of VIP in neurodevelopment, its known involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders and propose ways in which VIP might be of therapeutic value.

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Developmental expression of the VIP-gene in brain and intestine

Cited by 66 publications

References 41 publications

A Glia-Derived Signal Regulating Neuronal Differentiation

A Glia-Derived Signal Regulating Neuronal Differentiation

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Gene Expression from Embryos to Aging Rats

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders:Therapeutic Potential

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