Developmental expression of renal angiotensin II receptor genes in the mouse

Kakuchi, Junji; Ichiki, Toshihiro; Kiyama, Shigeru; Hogan, Brigid L.M.; Fogo, Agnes B.; Inagami, Tadashi; Ichikawa, Iekuni

doi:10.1038/ki.1995.16

Cited by 150 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Apoptosis of interstitial cells plays a role in the remodeling mechanisms of the developing fetal lung to achieve the mature alveolar structure (Scavo et al, 1998), and in the proposed mechanism of ureter lumen formation and maturation (Kakuchi et al, 1995). Similarly, lumen formation by mammary acinar cells in culture has been shown to depend on apoptosis (Debnath et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Epithelium During Canalization of the Rat Ventral Prostate

Bruni‐Cardoso

Carvalho

2007

The Anatomical Record

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Outgrowth and branching of solid cords are the initial events in postnatal prostatic morphogenesis. These processes involve cell proliferation and their projection into the stroma and precede epithelial canalization. The purpose of the present study was to examine the dynamics of the prostate epithelium during canalization of the rat ventral prostate in the first week of postnatal development using histological, stereological, and ultrastructural analyses. The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase [TdT]-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling assay was used to investigate the occurrence of DNA fragmentation. Our results demonstrate that canalization of the prostate epithelium starts as early as on day 1 (24 hr after birth) and progresses thereafter. By the end of the first week (day 6), luminal volume density reached 3% (P < 0.05) of the organ. Canalization was the result of epithelial cell differentiation and apoptosis. The former involved organization of the epithelial cells into a single layer sitting on the basement membrane, polarization, enlargement of secretory organelles and accumulation of secretory vesicles, microvilli formation, and establishment of the adult pattern of cell junctions. The latter was observed to occur mostly to epithelial cells not in contact with the basement membrane. Structures of variable electron density were observed in the developing lumen. In conclusion, different phenomena seem to be involved in the canalization of the rat ventral prostate. However, it was evident from the present results that complex epithelial cell fate decisions take place during this process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Epithelium During Canalization of the Rat Ventral Prostate

Bruni‐Cardoso

Carvalho

2007

The Anatomical Record

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“…Similarly in the rat, AT, receptor binding sites appear first in immature renal structures (S-shaped glomeruli) (15), whereas AT, receptor sites are observed when kidney development reaches more advanced developmental stages (10,15). Using in situ hybridization, investigators have shown that the expression of both AT, and AT, mRNAs appear simultaneously in embryonic fetal mouse kidney (14-d gestation) (14). However, it appears that, during fetal life in the rat, the pattern of distribution of AT, and AT, receptors differs (16).…”

Section: B B G E H Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression and Regulation of Renal Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes (AT1 and AT2) during Fetal Life in Sheep

et al. 1995

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Previous studies have shown that angiotensin I1 subtype 2 (AT,) receptors appear early during renal embryonic development. Factors involved in the regulation of AT, receptors during renal development, however, have not been investigated. The present study was designed 1 ) to characterize the ontogeny of renal AT, gene expression during the last half of gestation in fetal sheep and newborn lambs, 2) to compare changes in AT, and AT, gene expression during renal development, 3) to determine the influence of A11 in modulating renal AT, and AT, gene expression during fetal life, and 4) to characterize the role of cortisol in modulating renal AT, gene expression during the last trimester of gestation in fetal sheep. To perform these studies, we first isolated and cloned a polymerase chain reaction product that has 92 and 90% homology with the cDNA encoding the human and rat AT, receptors, respectively. Using this sheep AT, cDNA probe, we demonstrated that the sheep AT, gene was encoded in a single locus. In addition, we showed that renal AT, mRNA expression was high early during fetal life (60-90-d gestation) and decreased rapidly thereafter. In contrast, the expression of renal AT, receptor gene was low at 60-d gestation and increased during the last trimester of gestation. We found that a continuous i.v. infusion (1 mL/h) of A11 (9.5 nM/h) for 24 h, which raised plasma A11 levels from 84 t-9 pg/mL to 210 i-21 pg/mL, decreased the expression of both renal AT, and AT, genes in third trimester fetal sheep. On the other hand, we observed that cortisol, known to decrease AT, gene expression in the fetus, had no effect on AT, gene expression. In summary, this study demonstrates that AII, but not glucocorticoids, contributes to the regulation of renal AT, gene expression during development and that there is differential regulation of AT, and AT, receptors. (2), and the expression of renin, angiotensinogen, and angiotensinconverting enzyme genes appear to be developmentally regulated (3-6).It has been suggested that A11 is implicated in the regulation of renal function (1) and renal growth (7) during development.The biologic effects of A11 are mediated by two distinct specific receptors (AT, and AT,) located in the plasma membrane of different tissues (8). Studies in rats (9, 10) and sheep (11) have shown that the expression of kidney AT, receptor mRNA is developmentally regulated. In the sheep, renal AT, mRNA expression is elevated during the last trimester of gestation and decreases during the second postnatal week (1 1).In the rat, the expression of renal AT, receptor mRNA is also higher in immature than in adult animals (12). Discrete expression of AT, receptor has been observed as early as 2 d of postnatal age in rat immature glomeruli (10).Both in situ hybridization and autoradiographic studies have also shown that AT, receptors are present in the fetal mesenchyme (13), in the mesonephros before its involution (14), in

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“…The AT2R is considered to be associated with the development of fetal organs (22)(23)(24). Recently, Ichikawa and colleagues (2) proposed the molecular basis for the classical ureteral bud theory.…”

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confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Gene Genotype Distributions in Italian Children with Congenital Uropathies

et al. 2004

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Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) gene polymorphisms have been associated with an increased incidence of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). We investigated the genotype distribution of these polymorphisms in Italian children with CAKUT. We also evaluated the association between the ACE insertion/deletion and the AT2R gene polymorphisms with the progression of renal damage in subgroups of CAKUT patients. We recruited 102 Italian children with CAKUT; 27 with vesicoureteral reflux; 12 with hypoplastic kidneys; 20 with multicystic dysplastic kidneys; 13 with ureteropelvic junctions stenosis/ atresia; 18 with nonobstructed, nonrefluxing primary megaureters; and 12 with posterior urethral valves and compared them with 92 healthy control subjects. ACE and AT2R gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR. The identification of AT2R gene polymorphisms in intron 1 and in exon 3 was revealed by enzymatic digestion. ACE genotype distribution in children with CAKUT was no different from that of the control subjects, but the subgroup of patients with radiographic renal parenchymal abnormalities showed an increased occurrence of the D/D genotype. The frequency of the G allele of AT2R gene in children with CAKUT was increased in respect to that of the control subjects. By contrast, no significant difference in the frequency of the C and A alleles of the AT2R gene was found. Our findings indicate that the ACE gene can be a risk factor in the progression of renal parenchymal damage in CAKUT patients. Moreover, a major role of the AT2R gene in the development of CAKUT has been found, at least in Italian children. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are now considered a major cause of renal failure in children (1). Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis/atresia is the most common cause of a palpable abdominal mass in the newborn. Other forms of CAKUT include vesicoureteral reflux (VUR); hypoplastic kidney (HK); multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK); nonobstructed, nonrefluxing primary megaureter (MU); and bladder outlet obstruction [e.g. posterior urethral valves (PUV)] (2). A number of well-recognized but puzzling features are associated with CAKUT. Anomalies such as UPJ stenosis/atresia and MCDK are often unilateral or highly asymmetrical.Some of these anomalies are often concurrent (3-5). It is also noteworthy to mention that these abnormalities often take a familial pattern, showing incomplete and variable genetic penetrance. For this reason, it is believed that these assorted anatomic anomalies may share a common genetic cause (6 -8).

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Developmental expression of renal angiotensin II receptor genes in the mouse

Cited by 150 publications

References 29 publications

Dynamics of the Epithelium During Canalization of the Rat Ventral Prostate

Dynamics of the Epithelium During Canalization of the Rat Ventral Prostate

Differential Gene Expression and Regulation of Renal Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes (AT1 and AT2) during Fetal Life in Sheep

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Gene Genotype Distributions in Italian Children with Congenital Uropathies

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