Developmental expression of high molecular weight tropomyosin isoforms in Mesocestoides corti

Koziol, Uriel; Costábile, Alicia; Domínguez, María Fernanda; Iriarte, Andrés; Alvite, Gabriela; Kun, Alejandra; Castillo, Estela

doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.11.009

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Using a specific antibody that recognizes the high molecular weight (HMW) isoforms of two tropomyosin genes from cestodes ( tpm-1 and tpm-2 ), HMW-tropomyosins have been shown to be present exclusively in the muscle fibers in the cestode Mesocestoides corti , and are strongly expressed in the suckers of E. granulosus protoscoleces [49,50]. Using this antibody, we confirmed that HMW tropomyosin isoforms can be found in the muscle fibers in the germinal layer, accumulating in the interior of brood capsules and in the muscle layers during protoscolex development in E. multilocularis (Additional file 15), in perfect correlation to the description of muscle fibers as determined by phalloidin labeling [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemistry and immunohistofluorescence in paraplast sections and cryosections, and whole-mount immunohistofluorescence were performed as previously described [40,49]. For anti-PHB1 and anti-H3S10-P, a step of heat induced epitope retrieval was included after re-hydration, by boiling the slides for 20 minutes in a microwave in a solution of 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 6.0 with 0.1% Triton X-100.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary antibodies used were Anti-PHB1 (rabbit polyclonal, Sigma-Aldrich HPA003280, 1:100 dilution), anti-phospho-histone H3 (Ser10) (rabbit polyclonal, Cell Signaling Technology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, code 9701, 1:100 dilution), anti-FMRFamide (Immunostar, Hudson, USA, code 20091), anti-HMW-tropomyosin ([49,50], 1:500 dilution) and anti-acetylated tubulin (mouse monoclonal, clone 6-11B-1, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany, 1:100 dilution). In the case of anti-PHB1, we also performed a Western blot analysis with protein extracts of E. multilocularis metacestodes that confirmed that the antibody recognized a protein of the expected size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Koziol

Rauschendorfer

Rodríguez

et al. 2014

EvoDevo

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114

284

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BackgroundIt is believed that in tapeworms a separate population of undifferentiated cells, the germinative cells, is the only source of cell proliferation throughout the life cycle (similar to the neoblasts of free living flatworms). In Echinococcus multilocularis, the metacestode larval stage has a unique development, growing continuously like a mass of vesicles that infiltrate the tissues of the intermediate host, generating multiple protoscoleces by asexual budding. This unique proliferation potential indicates the existence of stem cells that are totipotent and have the ability for extensive self-renewal.ResultsWe show that only the germinative cells proliferate in the larval vesicles and in primary cell cultures that undergo complete vesicle regeneration, by using a combination of morphological criteria and by developing molecular markers of differentiated cell types. The germinative cells are homogeneous in morphology but heterogeneous at the molecular level, since only sub-populations express homologs of the post-transcriptional regulators nanos and argonaute. Important differences are observed between the expression patterns of selected neoblast marker genes of other flatworms and the E. multilocularis germinative cells, including widespread expression in E. multilocularis of some genes that are neoblast-specific in planarians. Hydroxyurea treatment results in the depletion of germinative cells in larval vesicles, and after recovery following hydroxyurea treatment, surviving proliferating cells grow as patches that suggest extensive self-renewal potential for individual germinative cells.ConclusionsIn E. multilocularis metacestodes, the germinative cells are the only proliferating cells, presumably driving the continuous growth of the larval vesicles. However, the existence of sub-populations of the germinative cells is strongly supported by our data. Although the germinative cells are very similar to the neoblasts of other flatworms in function and in undifferentiated morphology, their unique gene expression pattern and the evolutionary loss of conserved stem cells regulators suggest that important differences in their physiology exist, which could be related to the unique biology of E. multilocularis larvae.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Koziol

Rauschendorfer

Rodríguez

et al. 2014

EvoDevo

Self Cite

114

284

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Then, samples were washed five times for 30 min with PBS-T, and incubated overnight with the FITC conjugated secondary antibody (donkey anti-mouse or donkey anti-rabbit as required, Jackson Immunoresearch) at 4°C. Finally the samples were washed five times for 30 min with PBS-T, and co-stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and TRITC-conjugated Phalloidin (Sigma-Aldrich) as previously described [71]. Negative controls lacking the primary antibody were performed, which showed no signal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy and development of the larval nervous system in Echinococcus multilocularis

2013

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BackgroundThe metacestode larva of Echinococcus multilocularis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) develops in the liver of intermediate hosts (typically rodents, or accidentally in humans) as a labyrinth of interconnected cysts that infiltrate the host tissue, causing the disease alveolar echinococcosis. Within the cysts, protoscoleces (the infective stage for the definitive canid host) arise by asexual multiplication. These consist of a scolex similar to that of the adult, invaginated within a small posterior body. Despite the importance of alveolar echinococcosis for human health, relatively little is known about the basic biology, anatomy and development of E. multilocularis larvae, particularly with regard to their nervous system.ResultsWe describe the existence of a subtegumental nerve net in the metacestode cysts, which is immunoreactive for acetylated tubulin-α and contains small populations of nerve cells that are labeled by antibodies raised against several invertebrate neuropeptides. However, no evidence was found for the existence of cholinergic or serotoninergic elements in the cyst wall. Muscle fibers occur without any specific arrangement in the subtegumental layer, and accumulate during the invaginations of the cyst wall that form brood capsules, where protoscoleces develop. The nervous system of the protoscolex develops independently of that of the metacestode cyst, with an antero-posterior developmental gradient. The combination of antibodies against several nervous system markers resulted in a detailed description of the protoscolex nervous system, which is remarkably complex and already similar to that of the adult worm.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for the first time of the existence of a nervous system in the metacestode cyst wall, which is remarkable given the lack of motility of this larval stage, and the lack of serotoninergic and cholinergic elements. We propose that it could function as a neuroendocrine system, derived from the nervous system present in the bladder tissue of other taeniids. The detailed description of the development and anatomy of the protoscolex neuromuscular system is a necessary first step toward the understanding of the developmental mechanisms operating in these peculiar larval stages.

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“…Alternative splicing generates many isoforms of the DSCAM gene, which encodes receptors involved in axon guidance, potentially allowing for increased wiring complexity (Schmucker et al 2000). In the tropomyosin cytoskeletal gene, independent duplication of many different exons has occurred in most bilaterian lineages (Vrhovski et al 2008; Irimia, Maeso, et al 2010; Koziol et al 2011; fig. 1) at a frequency statistically significantly higher than expected even from the highest estimates of intragenic duplications (Gao and Lynch 2009).…”

Section: Cases Of Recurrent Evolution Of Specific Intragenic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread Recurrent Evolution of Genomic Features

Maeso

Roy

Irimia

2012

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The recent explosion of genome sequences from all major phylogenetic groups has unveiled an unexpected wealth of cases of recurrent evolution of strikingly similar genomic features in different lineages. Here, we review the diverse known types of recurrent evolution in eukaryotic genomes, with a special focus on metazoans, ranging from reductive genome evolution to origins of splice-leader trans-splicing, from tandem exon duplications to gene family expansions. We first propose a general classification scheme for evolutionary recurrence at the genomic level, based on the type of driving force—mutation or selection—and the environmental and genomic circumstances underlying these forces. We then discuss various cases of recurrent genomic evolution under this scheme. Finally, we provide a broader context for repeated genomic evolution, including the unique relationship of genomic recurrence with the genotype–phenotype map, and the ways in which the study of recurrent genomic evolution can be used to understand fundamental evolutionary processes.

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Developmental expression of high molecular weight tropomyosin isoforms in Mesocestoides corti

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

The unique stem cell system of the immortal larva of the human parasite Echinococcus multilocularis

Anatomy and development of the larval nervous system in Echinococcus multilocularis

Widespread Recurrent Evolution of Genomic Features

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