Developmental expression analysis of murine autotaxin (ATX)

Abstract

The murine homologue of the human motility-stimulating protein autotaxin (ATX) was identified as a BMP2 upregulated gene by subtractive cloning from mesenchymal progenitors C3H10T1/2 (Bächner, D., Ahrens, M., Betat, N., Schröder, D., Hoffmann. A., Lauber, J., Steinert, P., Flohe, L., Gross, G., 1998. Bmp-2 downstream targets in mesenchymal development identified by subtractive cloning from recombinant mesenchymal progenitors (C3H10T1/2). Dev. Dyn. 213, 398-411). ATX mRNA transcription is induced during BMP2 mediated osteo-/chondrogenic differentiation in vitro several orders of magnitude. To delineate a potential role for ATX in osteo-/chondrogenic development, its expression pattern during murine embryogenesis was examined in comparison with Col1a1 and Col2a1, a marker either of osteoblast, odontoblast and tendon or of chondrocyte development, respectively. Localization of murine ATX was first observed in the floor plate of the neural tube at day 9.5 of mouse embryonic development. Later, enhanced ATX expression levels were observed in proliferating subepithelial mesenchyme, during osteo-/chondrogenic and tooth development, in choroid plexus epithelium, in late kidney development, and in smooth muscles of the ductus deferens and the bladder.

Rho/ROCK pathway is essential to the expansion, differentiation, and morphological rearrangements of human neural stem/progenitor cells induced by lysophosphatidic acid

“…The mRNA expression profi le in hPSC-derived neurospheres shared some similar trends to the profi le observed in hESC-derived NEP ( 41 ) and in the monolayer NS/PCs, with LPA 1,2,4 being the most expressed mRNA. The low level of sPLA 2 expression and the presence of ATX mRNA following neural differentiation, as exemplifi ed in this data, are consistent with the fact that ATX expression is associated with neurogenesis ( 55 ).…”

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is sufficient and necessary for synovial joint formation

“…It has been reported that many genes that are expressed in the interzone are also expressed in cells that form the tendons and ligaments. For instance, Cd44 and Autotaxin are expressed in the developing joints (Edwards et al 1994;Noonan et al 1998;Bachner et al 1999). However, both are also strongly expressed in some of the connective tissue sheets (Noonan et al 1996;Bachner et al 1999), where Scleraxis is highly expressed (Cserjesi et al 1995;Schweitzer et al 2001).…”

“…For instance, Cd44 and Autotaxin are expressed in the developing joints (Edwards et al 1994;Noonan et al 1998;Bachner et al 1999). However, both are also strongly expressed in some of the connective tissue sheets (Noonan et al 1996;Bachner et al 1999), where Scleraxis is highly expressed (Cserjesi et al 1995;Schweitzer et al 2001). Scleraxis was also expressed in the joints at a weaker level compared with its expression in the tendon and ligament ( Fig.…”

Transcription Factors Zic1 and Zic2 Bind and Transactivate the Apolipoprotein E Gene Promoter

“…However, the situation could be different in the developing embryo. ApoE is highly expressed in several developing organs, including brain, eye, or bone (52). ApoE is expressed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of murine mesenchymal progenitor cells, where it seems to be induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) (52).…”

“…ApoE is highly expressed in several developing organs, including brain, eye, or bone (52). ApoE is expressed during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of murine mesenchymal progenitor cells, where it seems to be induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) (52). Interestingly, a BMP2/4-mediated regulation has been suggested for Zic2 in the differentiating bone of the limb buds (45), and thus, the inductive action of BMP2 on the APOE gene could be mediated by Zic2.…”