Developmental effects on dopamine projections and hippocampal cell proliferation in the rodent model of postweaning social and physical deprivation can be triggered by brief changes of environmental context

Lehmann, Konrad; Grund, Thorsten; Bagorda, Anja; Bagorda, Francesco; Grafen, Keren; Winter, York; Teuchert-Noodt, Gertraud

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.07.016

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…7 In vivo studies have demonstrated that social-emotional stimulation is necessary for the growth of the nerve endings that release dopamine and for the growth of receptors to which dopamine needs to bind in order to do its work. 8 Adult rats and mice kept in long-term isolation have a reduced number of dopamine receptors in the midbrain incentive circuits and, notably, in the frontal areas implicated in addiction. 9 Rats separated from their mothers at an early stage display permanent disruption of the dopamine incentive-motivation system in their midbrains.…”

Section: The Role Of Nurturing and Relationship Attachments In The Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction: Childhood Trauma, Stress and the Biology of Addiction

Maté¹

2012

j restorat med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rather than choice, chance or genetic predetermination, it is childhood adversity that creates the susceptibility for addiction. Humans and animals require nurturing from a caregiver in order to survive, When a child does not receive consistent, secure interactions, or experiences painfully stressing ones, maldevelopment results. In vivo studies have shown that marked alterations in neurotransmitter systems occur within one week of separation from the mother, whereas animals receiving various kinds of nurturing contact during their infancy have shown more efficient brain circuitry for reducing anxiety as adults. Moreover, in vivo studies have demonstrated that animals exposed to prenatal stress exhibit characteristics of drug addiction, alcoholism and increased risk of self-administration of drugs. Early trauma has consequences for how human beings respond to stress. Trauma in children, such as sexual, physical or emotional abuse or abandonment alter the child's physical stress mechanisms and, as a result, the child is more reactive to stress throughout their adult life. Studies of drug addicts find high percentages patients have experienced childhood trauma of various sorts, including physical, sexual and emotional abuse. The three dominant brain systems in all addictions-the opioid attachment-reward system, the dopamine-based incentive-motivation apparatus and the self-regulation areas of the prefrontal cortex-are all exquisitely fine-tuned by the environment. To various degrees, in all addicted persons these systems are not functioning properly Accordingly, this article explores the relationship between childhood emotional loss or trauma and addiction, demonstrating a fourth brain-body system implicated in addiction: the stress-response mechanism.

show abstract

Section: The Role Of Nurturing and Relationship Attachments In The Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction: Childhood Trauma, Stress and the Biology of Addiction

Maté¹

2012

j restorat med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition brain areas involved in motivation and reward do not fully develop functionally until well into the postnatal period. For example, pathways in the medial prefrontal cortex involved in fear conditioning in rats develop fully only by P17–24 [143], while the dopamine innervation of the forebrain areas involved in reward and decision making (prefrontal cortex, basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala) can still be altered by various interventions as late as P30–60 [144]. The cannabinoid and opiate systems in the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens continue to develop from P29–49 [145].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental gene×environment interactions affecting systems regulating energy homeostasis and obesity

Levin

2010

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most human obesity is inherited as a polygenic trait which is largely refractory to medical therapy because obese individuals avidly defend their elevated body weight set-point. This set-point is mediated by an integrated neural network that controls energy homeostasis. Epidemiological studies suggest that perinatal and pre-pubertal environmental factors can promote offspring obesity. Rodent studies demonstrate the important interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in promoting obesity. This review covers issues of development and function of neural systems involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and the roles of leptin and insulin in these processes, the ways in which interventions at various phases from gestation, lactation and prepubertal stages of development can favorably and unfavorably alter the development of obesity n offspring. These studies suggest that early identification of obesityprone humans and of the factors that can prevent them from becoming obese could provide an effective strategy for preventing the world wide epidemic of obesity.

show abstract

“…One approach to isolating these effects is to examine the effects of environmental complexity under equivalent social conditions; enrichment has been found to affect exploratory behavior [45], and improve learning [46] in isolated rats. Even the mildly enriching procedure of placing a gerbil, otherwise reared in isolation, in a different environment each day for 30 day increases dopamine fiber density in the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala [47]. …”

Section: Environmental Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Have studies of the developmental regulation of behavioral phenotypes revealed the mechanisms of gene–environment interactions?

Hall

Perona

2012

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review addresses the recent convergence of our long-standing knowledge of the regulation of behavioral phenotypes by developmental experience with recent advances in our understanding of mechanisms regulating gene expression. This review supports a particular perspective on the developmental regulation of behavioral phenotypes: That the role of common developmental experiences (e.g. maternal interactions, peer interactions, exposure to a complex environment, etc.) is to fit individuals to the circumstances of their lives within bounds determined by long-standing (evolutionary) mechanisms that have shaped responses to critical and fundamental types of experience via those aspects of gene structure that regulate gene expression. The phenotype of a given species is not absolute for a given genotype but rather variable within bounds that are determined by mechanisms regulated by experience (e.g. epigenetic mechanisms). This phenotypic variation is not necessarily random, or evenly distributed along a continuum of description or measurement, but often highly disjointed, producing distinct, even opposing, phenotypes. The potentiality for these varying phenotypes is itself the product of evolution, the potential for alternative phenotypes itself conveying evolutionary advantage. Examples of such phenotypic variation, resulting from environmental or experiential influences, have a long history of study in neurobiology, and a number of these will be discussed in this review: neurodevelopmental experiences that produce phenotypic variation in visual perception, cognitive function, and emotional behavior. Although other examples will be discussed, particular emphasis will be made on the role of social behavior on neurodevelopment and phenotypic determination. It will be argued that an important purpose of some aspects of social behavior is regulation of neurobehavioral phenotypes by experience via genetic regulatory mechanisms.

show abstract

Developmental effects on dopamine projections and hippocampal cell proliferation in the rodent model of postweaning social and physical deprivation can be triggered by brief changes of environmental context

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Addiction: Childhood Trauma, Stress and the Biology of Addiction

Addiction: Childhood Trauma, Stress and the Biology of Addiction

Developmental gene×environment interactions affecting systems regulating energy homeostasis and obesity

Have studies of the developmental regulation of behavioral phenotypes revealed the mechanisms of gene–environment interactions?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About