Developmental Effects of Selective Breeding for an Infant Trait

Brunelli, Susan A.; Zimmerberg, Betty; Hofer, Myron A.

doi:10.1002/9781444327632.ch10

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(198 reference statements)

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“…High line subjects also entered both arms of the maze (conspecific and object) less often than Low line subjects. This result might be a function of the High line being more fearful or less active than Low line, as seen in previous studies (Brunelli et al, 2010). As juveniles, the Low line subjects displayed more social interaction behavior than High line subjects regardless of neonatal drug condition, similar to the previous report that Low line subjects displayed greater initiatory play behavior than High line subjects (Brunelli et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait

Zimmerberg

Germeyan

2014

Developmental Psychobiology

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Infants born to women with depressive symptoms are at higher risk for insecure attachment and behavioral problems. Thus current medical practice is to continue psychotropic medication of pregnant women with depression despite concerns about its behavioral teratology. There are few animal studies focused on long-term behavioral effects of prenatal antidepressant exposure; in addition, studies have not looked at individual differences in baseline affective state as a source of response variability. In this study, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was administered to male and female rat pups from postnatal days 2-7 to model exposure to antidepressants in the human third trimester. Four behavioral measures were conducted from the neonatal to adult age periods in Low and High lines selectively bred for their rate of ultrasonic vocalizations after brief maternal separation. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased distress calls in both lines, but to a greater extent in High line rats than Low line. Neonatal fluoxetine also impaired motor coordination in neonates. Neonatal fluoxetine administration decreased social behavior in both juvenile and adult subjects. Fluoxetine-related reductions in anxiety behavior were not observed at the two older ages. As expected, High line subjects displayed more anxiety behavior than Low line subjects at all three test ages. These results suggest that there are may be significant behavioral consequences of antidepressant use during late pregnancy on offspring maternal attachment and social behavior, with implications for increased risk of autism spectrum disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait

Zimmerberg

Germeyan

2014

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…This matches the present lines characterized as “low anxiety” or “active” coping (Low line) and “high anxiety” or “passive” coping (High line) (Brunelli et al. ). It appears that high vocal response in infants to a negative stimulus (isolation) corresponds with being high anxiety or stress prone, whereas high vocal response in adults to a positive stimulus (tickling) corresponds with being low anxiety or stress resilient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…At the 20th generation ( Fig. 1), High line pups vocalized at more than 20 times the rate of Low line animals (Brunelli et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonatal alterations included differences in birth weight, monoamine function, and urination/defecation. Juvenile changes were seen in autonomic regulation of heart rate and play behavior Brunelli 2005;Brunelli et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data presented are for litter means. FromBrunelli et al (2010), reprinted with permission.ª 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vocal coselection in rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations

Aslam

Hofer

Brunelli

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Selective breeding and natural selection that select for one trait often bring along other correlated traits via coselection. Selective breeding for an infantile trait, high or low call rates of isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalization of rat pups, also alters functions of some brain systems and emotional behaviors throughout life. We examined the effect of breeding for call rate on acoustic parameters that are of communicative significance. Selecting for higher call rate produced calls of significantly increased amplitude and bandwidth relative to a randomly bred line. Selecting for lower rate produced calls of decreased duration. These nonmorphological, functional trait changes demonstrate enhanced communicatory potential and energy expenditure for the High line and the opposite for the Low line. This demonstration of coselection in a communicatory system suggests an underlying heritable suite of linked acoustic vocalization characteristics that in noisy environments could enhance dam–pup communication and lead to selection of emotionality traits with beneficial responses to stress.

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Selection on ultrasonic call rate in neonatal rats affects low frequency, but not ultrasonic, vocalizations in adults

et al. 2020

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Pleiotropy is a pervasive phenomenon in evolution. Its relevance and existence were recognized early in medical syndromes, but the term "pleiotropy" was first coined by Ludwig Plate in 1910 (Stearns, 2010). Pleiotropy is an important concept with many different facets and definitions, but generally describes "the phenomenon of a single gene affecting multiple traits" (Paaby & Rockman, 2013). Here, we investigated the emergence of unselected by-products coupled to an originally selected for trait, including across developmental stages, as a possible example of pleiotropy, but we make no claims about genetics (Paaby & Rockman, 2013). Coherent development throughout developmental stages is essential for functionality in morphological structures (Cheverud, 1996), and pleiotropic traits can thus be representative of adaptive developmental processes that form and shape structures in organisms (Klingenberg, 2008). A potential example of a pleiotropic effect can be found in dogs and other domesticated mammals. Human selection for tameness in these animals has been suggested to lead to downregulation of neural crest cell development and migration (Wilkins, Wrangham,

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Developmental Effects of Selective Breeding for an Infant Trait

Cited by 3 publications

References 155 publications

Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait

Effects of neonatal fluoxetine exposure on behavior across development in rats selectively bred for an infantile affective trait

Vocal coselection in rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations

Selection on ultrasonic call rate in neonatal rats affects low frequency, but not ultrasonic, vocalizations in adults

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